Sulfaclozine ELISA Kit

Aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of Daphnia curvirostris for the acute toxicity test usually performed on Daphnia magna, and to compare the sensitivity of the two species toward 10 antibacterials [enrofloxacin (EFX), ciprofloxacin(CPX), sulfaguanidine (SGD), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfaquinoxaline (SQO), sulfaclozine (SCZ), sulfamerazine (SMA), sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and trimethoprim (TMP)] and some of their binary mixtures. Furthermore, a tentative prolonged-toxicity test (lasting 13 d) was settled up in order to evidence toxic responses with drug concentrations that were uneffective in the classic 48 h immobilization test. Results showed that D. curvirostris was more sensitive than D. magna to the majority of compounds (6 out of 10). Lowest 48 h EC50s, were obtained with EFX (4.3 mg L-1 in D. curvirostris) and SGD (6.2 mg L-1 in D. magna). The toxicity of paired compounds was always concentration-additive or less than concentration-additive. In the prolonged-toxicity test mortality and/or reproduction inhibition were constantly observed. It was concluded that: (1) D. curvirostris could be a suitable model for the evaluation of acute toxicity of antibacterials since its sensitivity was generally greater than that of D. magna; (2) the toxicity of EFX and SGD should be given special attention as the two compounds, in the prolonged test, showed to be active at concentrations of 0.9 mg L-1 and 2.5 mg L--1,L- respectively; (3) the concentration addition is usually a reasonable worst case estimation of the environmental impact of antibacterial mixtures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A monitoring plan of residual antibiotics in food of animal origin was conducted in Vietnam from 2012 to 2013. Meat samples were collected from slaughterhouses and retail stores in Ho Chi Minh City and Nha Trang. A total of 28 antibiotics were analyzed using a LC-MS/MS screening method. Sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and tilmicosin were detected in some of the samples. Sulfaclozine and fluoroquinolones were mainly detected in chicken samples, and sulfamethazine was mainly detected in pork samples. High levels of sulfonamide residues, ranging between 2500 and 2700 mu g/kg sulfaclozine and between 1300 and 3600 mu g/kg sulfamethazine, were present in two chicken and three pork samples, respectively. Tilmicosin was detected at ranges of 150-450 mu g/kg in 10 chicken samples. Positive percentages were 17.3, 8.8, and 7.4% for chicken, pork, and beef, respectively, for an average of 11.9%. The results suggest an appropriate withdrawal period after drug administration had not been observed in some livestock.