Background
Spinosad is a macrolide pesticide produced by aerobic fermentation of the soil actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. As a type of highly efficient and safe biological pesticide, it is effective against target pests. It has fast and efficient insecticidal activity and is safe to non-target organisms. The main degradation methods are photolysis and microbial degradation, and is finally decomposed into carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. It is used in the prevention and control of agricultural pests, stored grain pests, sanitary pests, and animal parasites. It mainly acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, stimulating the nervous system of pests to cause excitement, leading to non-functional muscle contraction, trembling, failure and paralysis, and ultimately the death of pests.
Figure 1. Genotoxic and mutagenic assessment of spinosad.(Source: Mendonça TP, et al., 2019)
Pesticide residues in the environment refer to the "maximum load" of pesticides that the environment can accommodate, that is, in a certain area and within a certain period of time, the biological quality and yield of agricultural products are guaranteed without damaging the environmental quality. The "maximum load" is also a measure. A threshold for the environmental safety of pesticides is also a variable that gradually decreases with time and changes in environmental conditions. As long as this threshold is not exceeded, the environmental safety factor of the pesticide is qualified. Spinosad is rapidly degraded in the environment through a variety of combined pathways, mainly photodegradation and microbial degradation, and is eventually decomposed into natural components such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, thus causing no pollution to the environment. The half-life of spinosyn in soil photodegradation is 9 to 10 days, the half-life of leaf photodegradation is 1.6 to 16 days, and the half-life of water photodegradation is less than 1 day. Of course, the half-life is related to the intensity of light. Under conditions without light, the half-life of spinosad through aerobic soil metabolism is 9 to 17 days. In addition, the soil mass transfer coefficient of spinosad is medium K (5~323). Its solubility in water is very low and it can degrade quickly. This shows that the leaching performance of spinosad is very low, so it can only be used rationally. And it is also safe for underground water sources.
Even so, spinosyn itself remains highly toxic to mammals and birds in the environment, and is moderately toxic to aquatic animals. Therefore, it is very necessary to detect drug residues. We use ELISA technology to develop Spinosyn ELISA Kit for drug residue detection of Spinosyn. Compared with instrument analysis technology, this kit is faster, simpler, more accurate and more sensitive, and can minimize operating errors, costs and work intensity.
Alternative Names
Spinosad
References
- 1. Mendonça TP, et al., Genotoxic and mutagenic assessment of spinosad using bioassays with Tradescantia pallida and Drosophila melanogaster. Chemosphere. 2019, 222:503-510.
References
Properties, toxicity and current applications of the biolarvicide spinosad
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev.
Authors: Santos VSV, Pereira BB.
Abstract
Characterized as a highly valuable bioactive natural product, spinosad is a pesticide with a complex chemical structure, composed of spinosyn A and D, molecules synthesized by the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The larvicidal activity of spinosad was postulated to be a promising approach to combat crop pests and control species responsible to transmit mosquito-borne illness, including Aedes aegypti. Although initially deemed as relatively safe for non-target organisms and highly effective against insects and crop pests, recent studies focused on the toxicity profile detected the occurrence of side effects in different living species. Thus, the present review was undertaken to describe the properties and characteristics of spinosad. In addition to indicating potential adverse effects on living organisms, alternative uses of the biopesticide as a mixture with different compounds are provided.
A review of spinosad as a natural product for larval mosquito control
J Am Mosq Control Assoc
Authors: Hertlein MB, Mavrotas C, et al.
Abstract
The effectiveness of spinosad for larval mosquito control is summarized based on available published literature and some heretofore unpublished studies. Spinosad is highly active against larvae of all mosquito species tested thus far. It is effective at similar dosages for all larval mosquito instars, with peak cumulative mortality occurring at 72 h posttreatment. More studies are needed to fully define spinosad's ovicidal properties and its impact on the pupal stage. High levels of organic matter and full sunlight are both factors that can negatively impact spinosad efficacy and longevity and should be considered when making use rate and retreatment decisions. Studies clearly show that spinosad technical active ingredient and current crop formulations are suboptimal for larval mosquito control and underrepresent spinosad's true activity. A series of spinosad formulations specialized for larval mosquito control will be sold commercially. Prior to its launch and widespread use, there is a need for additional baseline studies to clarify the natural geographic variation in susceptibility of field mosquito populations. Spinosad represents a new and effective natural product for the integrated management of larval mosquitoes. It possesses a unique mode of action not shared by any other insecticide and is shown to be minimally disruptive to most nontarget species tested thus far at its proposed field use rates.
COA
Publication 
Loading ......
