Human DNASE2(Deoxyribonuclease-2-alpha) ELISA Kit

The tight binding of pDNA with a cationic polymer is the crucial requirement that prevents DNA degradation from undesired DNase attack to safely deliver the pDNA to its target site. However, cationic polymer-mediated strong gene holding limits pDNA dissociation from the gene complex, resulting in a reduction in transfection efficiency. In this study, to control the decomplexation rate of pDNA from the gene complex in a hard-to-transfect cell or an easy-to-transfect cell, either alpha-poly(L-lysine) (APL) or epsilon-poly(L-lysine) (EPL) was incorporated into branched polyethylenimine (bPEI)-based nanocomplexes (NCs). Compared to bPEI/pDNA NCs, the addition of APL or EPL formed smaller bPEI-APL/pDNA NCs with similar zeta potentials or larger bPEI-EPL/pDNA NCs with reduced zeta potentials, respectively, due to the different characteristics of the primary amines in the two poly(L-lysine)s (PLs). Interestingly, although both bPEI-APL/pDNA NCs and bPEI-EPL/pDNA NCs showed similar pDNA compactness to bPEI/pDNA NCs, the addition of APL or EPL resulted in slower or faster pDNA release, respectively, from the bPEI-PL/pDNA NCs than from the bPEI/pDNA NCs. bPEI-EPL/pDNA NCs with a decomplexation enhancer (i.e., EPL) improved the transfection efficiency (TE) in both a hard-to-transfect HepG2 cell and an easy-to-transfect HEK293 cell. However, although a decomplexation inhibitor (i.e., APL) reduced the TE of bPEI-APL/pDNA NCs in both cells, the degree of reduction in the TE could be compensated by PL-mediated enhanced nuclear delivery, particularly in HepG2 cells but not HEK293 cells, because both PLs facilitate nuclear localization of the gene complex per its cellular uptake. In conclusion, a decomplexation rate controller could be a potential factor to establish a high TE and design clinically available gene complex systems.

In this paper,Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidansST was selected for use in bioleaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite. The adsorption experiments revealed that more cells were adsorbed on the surface of pyrite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. The role of extracellular DNA (eDNA) in the bioleaching process was investigated by depletion of eDNA using DNase I. The number of cells attached on the chalcopyrite and pyrite surfaces decreased on a large scale, and the lag phase of cell growth increased, causing the leaching percentages of pyrite and chalcopyrite to decrease by approximately 11.6% and 20.5%, respectively. The formation and distribution of eDNA secreted during bioleaching was assessed by a fluorescent dye-based method and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The content of eDNA increased with bioleaching time. Furthermore, ST showed a stronger capacity to produce eDNA on the surface of pyrite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. These results showed that the removal of eDNA has a more significant effect on the bioleaching of chalcopyrite than on pyrite.