HGF/c-Met Axis: The Advanced Development in Digestive System Cancer
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Authors: Shao, Zhiwei; Pan, Haoqi; Tu, Sheng; Zhang, Jingying; Yan, Sheng; Shao, Anwen
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that abnormal activation of the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway can lead to cell proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis of cancers of the digestive system. Moreover, overexpression of c-Met has been implicated in poor prognosis of patients with these forms of cancer, suggesting the possibility for HGF/c-Met axis as a potential therapeutic target. Despite the large number of clinical and preclinical trials worldwide, no significant positive success in the use of anti-HGF/c-Met treatments on cancers of the digestive system has been achieved. In this review, we summarize advanced development of clinical research on HGF/c-Met antibody and small-molecule c-Met inhibitors of cancers of the digestive system and provide a possible direction for future research.
Impact of substrate and growth conditions on microbial protein production and composition
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Sakarika, Myrsini; Candry, Pieter; Depoortere, Mathilde; Ganigue, Ramon; Rabaey, Korneel
Abstract
Production of microbial protein (MP) from recovered resources - e.g. CO2-sourced formate and acetate - could provide protein while enabling CO2 capture. To assess the protein quality obtained from this process, pure cultures and enriched communities were selected and characterized kinetically, stoichiometrically and nutritionally. Growth on acetate resulted in up to 5.3 times higher maximum specific growth rate (mu(ma)(x)) than formate (i.e. 0.15-0.41 h(-1) for acetate compared to 0.061-0.29 h(-1) for formate at pH = 7). The protein content was a function of the growth phase, with the highest values during stationary phase, ranging between 18 and 82%(CDW) protein depending on the organism and substrate. The negative correlation between biomass productivity and protein content indicated a trade-off between production rate and product quality. The final product (i.e. dried MP) quality was in most cases superior to soybean and all cultures were rich in threonine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, regardless of the carbon source.