Fractional inclusions of the Hermite-Hadamard type for m-polynomial convex interval-valued functions
ADVANCES IN DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Authors: Nwaeze, Eze R.; Khan, Muhammad Adil; Chu, Yu-Ming
Abstract
The notion of m-polynomial convex interval-valued function Psi=[psi-,psi+] is hereby proposed. We point out a relationship that exists between Psi and its component real-valued functions psi- and psi+. For this class of functions, we establish loads of new set inclusions of the Hermite-Hadamard type involving the rho -Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operators. In particular, we prove, among other things, that if a set-valued function Psi defined on a convex set S is m-polynomial convex, rho ,E>0 and zeta,eta is an element of S, then mm+2-m-1Psi(zeta+eta 2)superset of Gamma rho (E+rho)(eta-zeta)E rho[rho J zeta +EPsi(eta)+rho J eta -EPsi(zeta)]superset of Psi(zeta)+Psi(eta )mSigma p=1mSp(E;rho),
where Psi is Lebesgue integrable on [zeta,eta], Sp(E;rho)=2-EE+rho p-E rhoB(E rho,p+1) and B is the beta function. We extend, generalize, and complement existing results in the literature. By taking m >= 2, we derive loads of new and interesting inclusions. We hope that the idea and results obtained herein will be a catalyst towards further investigation.
TBCRC 032 IB/II Multicenter Study: Molecular Insights to AR Antagonist and PI3K Inhibitor Efficacy in Patients with AR(+) Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
Authors: Lehmann, Brian D.; Abramson, Vandana G.; Sanders, Melinda E.; Mayer, Erica L.; Haddad, Tufia C.; Nanda, Rita; Van Poznak, Catherine; Storniolo, Anna Maria; Nangia, Julie R.; Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I.; Sanchez, Violeta; Johnson, Kimberly N.; Abramson, Richard G.; Chen, Sheau-Chiann; Shyr, Yu; Arteaga, Carlos L.; Wolff, Antonio C.; Pietenpol, Jennifer A.
Abstract
Purpose: Preclinical data demonstrating androgen receptor (AR)-positive (AR(+)) triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are sensitive to AR antagonists, and PI3K inhibition catalyzed an investigator-initiated, multi-institutional phase Ib/II study TBCRC032. The trial investigated the safety and efficacy of the AR-antagonist enzalutamide alone or in combination with the PI3K inhibitor taselisib in patients with metastatic AR(+) (>= 10%) breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Phase Ib patients [estrogen receptor positive (ER+) or TNBC] with AR(+) breast cancer received 160 mg enzalutamide in combination with taselisib to determine dose-limiting toxicities and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Phase II TNBC patients were randomized to receive either enzalutamide alone or in combination with 4 mg taselisib until disease progression. Primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 16 weeks. Results: The combination was tolerated, and the MTD was not reached. The adverse events were hyperglycemia and skin rash. Overall, CBR for evaluable patients receiving the combination was 35.7%, and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.4 months. Luminal AR (LAR) TNBC subtype patients trended toward better response compared with non-LAR (75.0% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.06), and increased PFS (4.6 vs. 2.0 months, P = 0.082). Genomic analyses revealed subtype-specific treatment response, and novel FGFR2 fusions and AR splice variants. Conclusions: The combination of enzalutamide and taselisib increased CBR in TNBC patients with AR(+) tumors. Correlative analyses suggest AR protein expression alone is insufficient for identifying patients with AR-dependent tumors and knowledge of tumor LAR subtype and AR splice variants may identify patients more or less likely to benefit from AR antagonists.