Analytical tool to shorten polishing time based on mean texture depth (MTD) of flexible pavements
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
Authors: Khasawneh, Mohammad Ali; Shbeeb, Nadim I.; Al-Omari, Aslam A.
Abstract
The reproduction of asphalt pavement surface texture deterioration in the laboratory is usually lengthy. The objective of this work is to find an analytical tool to predict the steady-state mean texture depth (MTD) early in the experiment in order to save time. Data were obtained from laboratory testing carried out on eight job mix formulas of bituminous mixtures. Measurements were collected using the volumetric sand patch method for each hour of polishing. The basic parameter used for this study is the MTD, which is a measure of surface macrotexture. Based on nonlinear regression, an equation was developed to calculate the steady-state macrotexture. The main characteristic of the developed equation allows for calculating the steady-state macrotexture and the onset of steady state. This enables the experimenter to determine when steady state is reached at the desired tolerance during the test, thus reducing the testing time. It was concluded that testing time can be reduced significantly (around 50%-time savings), which may be received positively by highway materials' agencies worldwide.
A Phase 1b Dose Escalation Trial of NC-6300 (Nanoparticle Epirubicin) in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors or Advanced, Metastatic, or Unresectable Soft-tissue Sarcoma
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
Authors: Chawla, Sant P.; Goel, Sanjay; Chow, Warren; Braiteh, Fadi; Singh, Arun S.; Olson, Juneko E. Grilley; Osada, Atsushi; Bobe, Iulian; Riedel, Richard F.
Abstract
Purpose: NC-6300 is a novel nanoparticle formulation of epirubicin that has a pH-sensitive linker conjugated to epirubicin. It exhibits selective tumor accumulation owing to enhanced permeability and retention effect. We conducted a phase 1b trial to determine MTD and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of NC-6300 monotherapy in advanced, metastatic, or unresectable solid tumors, including soft-tissue sarcomas. Patients and Methods: This phase 1b dose-escalation trial of NC-6300 monotherapy employed a Bayesian continuous reassessment method design. NC-6300 was administered on day 1 of every 21-day cycle, with epirubicin-equivalent dose increments from 125 to 215 mg/m(2). Safety, efficacy, quality of life, and pharmacokinetic profile of NC-6300 monotherapy were evaluated. Results: Twenty-nine subjects (16 male) were enrolled: 17 with soft-tissue sarcoma, one with osteosarcoma, and 11 with other solid tumors. Observed dose-limiting toxicities included thrombocytopenia, stomatitis, lung infection, and febrile neutropenia. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia ( 59%), anemia (24%), thrombocytopenia (24%), and febrile neutropenia (21%). MTD and RP2D were determined to be 185 mg/m(2) and 150 mg/m(2), respectively. The objective response rate in the evaluable population was 11%. Partial response was observed in angiosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma. A dose-dependent increase was observed in both total and released epirubicin concentrations. Conclusions: NC-6300 was well tolerated with a manageable side effect profile, despite the MTD and RP2D being higher than conventional epirubicin doses. A signal of preliminary activity was observed in angiosarcoma. NC-6300 warrants further investigation in patients with advanced solid tumors, including sarcoma.