IL10-modified Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells inhibit Pancreatic Cancer growth through Angiogenesis Inhibition
JOURNAL OF CANCER
Authors: Zhao, Chunyan; Pu, Yu; Zhang, Haidi; Hu, Xianhua; Zhang, Rendan; He, Shuai; Zhao, Qi; Mu, Bo
Abstract
In the present study, we constructed the recombinant plasmid IL10-PEGFP-C1 and successfully transfected into human mesenchymal stem cells. After culturing for 72 h, the levels of IL6 and TNF-alpha in the supernatant of the MSCs-IL10 group were significantly lower than the vector group and the control group (17.6 +/- 0.68vs73.8 +/- 0.8 and 74.4 +/- 1.5) mu g/L and (65.05 +/- 3.8 vs 203.2 +/- 2.4 and 201.3 +/- 3.7) mu g/L, respectively (p < 0.001) .The animal experiments showed that the volume of subcutaneous tumors in the MSCs-IL10 group in vivo was a significantly less level compared to that in MSC control and the blank control groups (76.84 +/- 20.11) mm(3) vs (518. 344 +/- 48.66) mm(3), (576.99 +/- 49.88) mm(3), (P < 0.05) and they have a longer life time. Further we found the mass concentrations of IL6 and TNF-alpha in the blood serum of MSC-IL10 group were lower than the vector group and the control group (64.42 +/- 10.9 vsl 20.83 +/- 15.52 and 122.65 +/- 13.71) and (40.05 +/- 5.63 vs 126.78 +/- 1.89 and 105.83 +/- 2.16) mu g/L respectively (p < 0.001). CD31 immunohistochemistry and alginate encapsulation experiments showed tumor angiogenesis were inhibited in MSCs-IL10 group in comparison to the control and vector group (P < 0.001), FITC-labeled dextran intake was also lower than the other groups (P < 0.01). Collectively, this study suggested IL10 could inhibit the growth of the transplanted tumor in vivo and prolong survival of mice, and the primary mechanism may be the indirect inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF-alpha secretion and tumor angiogenesis formation.
IL8 Expression Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Androgen Receptor Loss in Primary and Metastatic Prostate Cancer
MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH
Authors: Maynard, Janielle P.; Ertunc, Onur; Kulac, Ibrahim; Baena-Del Valle, Javier A.; De Marzo, Angelo M.; Sfanos, Karen S.
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and African ancestry are implicated in prostate cancer aggressiveness, and inflammation-related genes are more highly expressed in prostate cancer in African American men. IL8 secretion is also implicated in prostate cancer progression and castration resistance. We used RNA in situ hybridization to localize IL1 beta, IL6, IL8, and IL10 mRNA in low- and high-grade prostate cancer from African American and European American men. IL8 was the most abundantly expressed and the only interleukin detected in tumor cells. We further interrogated IL8 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer tissue microarrays and both androgen-dependent and castration-resistant patient-derived xenografts (PDX). IL8 was significantly increased in both tumor and benign regions of higher grade cases (ISUP Grade Group 4-5), but there was no difference between races. We determined that IL8 expression in prostate cancer cell lines, distant metastases, and PDX lines was associated with androgen receptor (AR) loss, but not castration resistance. Reciprocal IL8 and AR expression was also observed in high IL8-expressing atrophy lesions with simultaneous AR downregulation. Finally, we show that IL8 is likely repressed by AR binding to the IL8 promoter and is inducible in prostate cancer cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide only in cells with AR loss. Likewise, AR knockdown in androgen-dependent cells induced IL8 expression, further demonstrating that AR represses IL8 expression. In conclusion, IL8 expression in the tumor microenvironment is associated with aggressive prostate cancer and with AR loss in metastatic disease.