Development, validity and reliability of a postal questionnaire assessing health states relevant to young persons with stroke in Sweden
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
Authors: Palmcrantz, Susanne Margareta; Holmqvist, Lotta Widen; Sommerfeld, Disa Kathryn
Abstract
Purpose. The aim was to develop and test a postal questionnaire, the Swedish MYS questionnaire, for validity and reliability in order to survey health states relevant to young persons with stroke. Method. The questionnaire was designed with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a frame and tested for content validity, face validity and readability by a group of experts including an occupational therapist, a physician, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, a speech and language therapist, a welfare officer and a selected sample of young persons with stroke (n = 15). To test the questionnaire for reliability in terms of stability a test-retest was performed on a selected sample of young persons (n = 20) with stroke. Results. The questionnaire was found to be valid in terms of content validity, face validity and readability and finally consisted of 59 questions encompassing health states relevant to young persons with stroke. The questionnaire was stable in the test-retest (kappa; 0.40-1.0) except for two questions and one alternative answer. Conclusion. The Swedish MYS questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used in postal surveys of young persons with stroke except for two questions and one answering alternative, which need to be tested further.
The A-type Pirrit Hills Granite, West Antarctica: an example of magmatism associated with the Mesozoic break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent
GEOSCIENCES JOURNAL
Authors: Lee, Hyo Min; Lee, Jong Ik; Lee, Mi Jung; Kim, Jeongmin; Choi, Seok Won
Abstract
The Mesozoic geology of West Antarctica is largely related with the break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent and offers a good example for understanding magmatism associated with the continental break-up process. West Antarctica can be divided into five crustal blocks with relatively thin crust. The blocks are separated by deep rift zones and have moved during the Mesozoic break-up of Gondwana. The Pirrit Hills granite occurs as an isolated pluton in the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains block, which is the center of five blocks in the present configuration. The granite consists of quartz, perthitic alkali feldspar, and plagioclase with minor amounts of interstitial biotite and muscovite. The granite is a highly homogeneous, strongly fractionated, and mildly peraluminous granite and belongs to A-type granites with A2-type characteristics, suggesting its generation in an anorogenic environment. The strong enrichment of HREE and significant negative Eu anomalies suggest that the granitic magma was produced by a small degree of partial melting of a garnet granulitic source in the unusually hot lower crust. A weighted mean Pb-206/U-238 age of zircons is 164.5 +/- 2.3 Ma (MSWD = 1.3), which is 8 to 9 Mys younger than a former Rb-Sr whole rock age (173 +/- 3 Ma), and corresponds to the first rifting stage of the break-up of Gondwana (at 165 Ma). We suggest this age to be the emplacement age of the Pirrit Hills granite. The A-type Pirrit Hills granite was emplaced in the Middle Jurassic accompanying crustal thinning due to the break-up of Gondwana.