Comparative thermostability analysis of zoonotic and human influenza virus A and B neuraminidase
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
Authors: Evseenko, Vasily A.; Svyatchenko, Svetlana, V; Kolosova, Natalia P.; Kovrizhkina, Valentina L.; Marchenko, Vasiliy Y.; Durymanov, Aleksander G.; Goncharova, Natalia, I; Ryzhikov, Alexander B.
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) thermostability of influenza A and B viruses isolated from birds, swine and humans was measured to evaluate its variability associated with host body temperature. The highest 50% inactivation temperature (IT50) was observed with H3N8 avian influenza virus (74 degrees C), and the lowest IT50 was observed with the seasonal human H3N2 virus (45.5 degrees C). The IT50 values of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses 56.4-58.5 degrees C were statistically higher than that of the prepandemic strain A/Solomon Islands/03/06 (52.5 degrees C). An analysis of Ca2+ binding sites revealed the correspondence of amino acid changes to NA thermostability. This study demonstrates that changes in NA thermostability correspond to differences in host body temperature.
Phylogenetic Inference of H3N2 Canine Influenza A Outbreak in Ontario, Canada in 2018
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Authors: Xu, Wanhong; Weese, J. Scott; Ojkic, Davor; Lung, Oliver; Handel, Katherine; Berhane, Yohannes
Abstract
The first Canadian H3N2 canine influenza A outbreak involving an Asian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) began in southwestern Ontario, Canada, in late December 2017. More H3N2 CIV cases were identified in central and eastern Ontario between March and October 2018. Based on epidemiological investigation, 5 clusters were identified (C1, C2, C3a, C3b, and C4); however, the origin of infection has only been revealed for epidemiological cluster C1. Here, we use phylogenetic analyses to unravel the links of virus transmission between the 5 epidemiological clusters and the origin of infection for all epidemiological clusters. Our results demonstrate that the Canadian H3N2 CIV sequences were grouped into four distinct phylogenetic clusters with minimal genetic diversity between these clusters. Large scale phylogenetic analysis of H3N2 CIV from around the globe showed that the Canadian CIVs formed a distinct new clade along with CIVs that have been circulating in the USA since 2017-2018 and in China since 2017. This clade shares a common ancestor of Asian origin. This study concludes that the H3N2 CIV outbreak in Ontario was driven by multiple introductions of South Korean/Chinese-origin H3N2 CIVs over 10 months.