Citrinin is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by several species of Penicillium and Monascus. It is primarily known for its nephrotoxic effects in animals and humans. Citrinin contaminates various food products, particularly fermented or stored grains. Its biosynthesis involves polyketide synthase enzymes, and the compound serves as a model for studying fungal toxin production, oxidative stress induction, and interactions between fungal metabolites and kidney cell function.
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