Magic™ Mouse Anti-Astrovirus monoclonal antibody, clone D12092N

We investigated the prevalence of 5 enteric viruses (norovirus [NoV], sapovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus) in archived stool specimens collected from 70 foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks in Tokyo, Japan, which occurred from 1966 to 1983, and genetically characterized these viruses. NoV was detected in 48 (68.6%) outbreaks, while SaV, group C rotavirus (RVC), and astrovirus were detected in 1 (1.4%) outbreak each. Based on the partial capsid sequences, the detected NoVs were classified into the following genotypes: 9 in genogroup I (GI; GI.1-6, 01.8, GI.9, and GI.NA), 13 GII (GII.1-9, 011.13, 011.16, GII.17, and GII.22), and one in GIV. The oldest NoV outbreaks occurred in 1966. No predominant genotype was found. One strain, classified as GI. NA based on the N/S region sequence, was subsequently classified as 01.8 based on the complete VP1 sequence. Nine types of recombinant NoV sequences, including 7 unreported combinations, were identified. Further genetic characterization of NoV GII.17 and 011.4 demonstrated that the NoV 011.17 strains detected from 1970 to 1982 clustered independently from previously reported NoV GII.17 strains. Phylogenetic analysis, using the complete VP1 region and the P2 domain, demonstrated that NoV GII.4 strains collected between 1975 and 1980 clustered with archival strains collected in the USA in the mid-1970s. In contrast, a NoV 011.4 strain collected in 1983 formed an independent branch from reference strains collected in the mid-1970s to 2012.

The aim of the investigation was improving the effectiveness of microbiological monitoring through optimization and development of the molecular genetic component based on comprehensive long-term assessment of hospital-acquired acute enteric infections of viral etiology. Materials and Methods. In the framework of epidemiological surveillance of nosocomial viral infections, syndrome-based diagnosis of acute enteric infection cases was implemented in a children's hospital. In fact, the patients with the signs of gastrointestinal dysfunctions unrelated to the underlying disease were identified and examined. DNAs (RNAs) of acute enteric infections of viral etiology were detected and differentiated through PCR-based diagnosis. G[P]-typing of rotaviruses was performed by RT-PCR method using various primers. Genotyping of enteric viruses by sequencing method was performed determining the relevant nucleotide sequences of rotavirus, norovirus and astrovirus cDNA segments using genetic analyzer Beckman Coulter. Nucleotide sequences of cDNA segments were analyzed using BLAST programs to identify closely related strains and an online service for automatic genotyping of noroviruses. Alignment of nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analysis were performed using MEGA software. Sequences of genome segments obtained in this study have been represented in the international GenBank database. Results. There has been developed the molecular genetic component of microbiological monitoring of acute enteric infections of viral etiology, which involves not only diagnosing the enteric pathogens by PCR, but also subsequent genotyping as well as phylogenetic analysis to determine genetic characteristics of pathogens.