Urine Reagent Strip (Glucose-Protein-pH-Blood)

Purpose Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (siNETs) with a Ki-67 proliferation index between 3 and 20% belong to WHO grade 2. Response to treatment may be monitored by blood chromogranin A (CgA) and urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA). The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prognostic value of baseline CgA and 5HIAA and of the early biochemical response to treatment, and to compare different cut-off values used in the literature. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 184 patients with siNET Grade 2 treated with somatostatin analogues (SSA), interferon-alpha (IFN) or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Results Baseline CgA was a statistically significant prognostic marker for both cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS). A cut-off of 5 x ULN (upper limit of normal) was best discriminative in most cases, but 2 x ULN discriminated better for SSA. Baseline 5HIAA was a prognostic marker for CSS in treatment with IFN and PRRT, but not for single SSA. Early changes of CgA and 5HIAA correlated well with CSS (HR 3.18, 95% CI 1.82-5.56 and HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16-1.86) and PFS (HR 3.08, 95% CI 1.86-5.10 and HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11-1.68) for SSA, but not for PRRT. Conclusions Baseline CgA and to a lesser extent 5HIAA are associated with CSS irrespective of treatment used, and with PFS after PRRT, and 5 x ULN provides best discrimination in many, but not all, cases. Early reductions of CgA and 5HIAA are prognostic for treatment with SSA, but not PRRT.

This study presents a three-phase hollow fibers liquid-phase micro extraction (LPME) method for preconcentration of Metoprolol Succinate drugs from tap water and urine samples. The extracted analyte with LPME was detected with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). The effect of several parameters on extraction efficiency was investigated and optimized, such as type of organic solvent, receiving phase, pH of receiving phase and extraction phase, extraction time and mixing speed. After extracting the Metoprolol Succinate drug under the optimum conditions, the pre-concentration factor was obtained 192 for tap water and 169 for urine samples with an appropriate detection limit of 3.90 mu g l(-1) for urine and 1.5 mu g l(-1) for tap water. The real sample study is provided satisfactory extraction recovery for urine (94%) and tap water (98%) samples.