IAV H1N1 HA blocking peptide

OBJECTIVE: To investigate synergistic effect of Reduning (RDN) injection plus ribavirin against severe pneumonia induced by H1N1 influenza A virus in mice. METHODS: We established a mouse model of severe pneumonia induced by influenza A virus by infecting Balb/c mice with CA07 virus. We randomly assigned the infected mice into four groups, and treated them with normal saline (NS group), RDN (injection, 86.6 mg/kg), ribavirin (injection, 66.6 ring/kg) or double Ribavirin plus RDN group, the same dosage as used in the single treatments) for 5 d. Lung index and lung pathology were recorded or calculated in terms of the curative effective. Cytokines, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflamnnasome related protein including caspase-associated recruitment domain (CARD) domain Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1 and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and reactive oxygen species were simultaneously investigated. RESULTS: RDN plus ribavirin treatment, not RDN or ribavirin alone, provided a significant survival benefit to the influenza A virus-infected mice. The combination treatment protected the mice against severe influenza infection by attenuating the severe lung injury. The combined treatment also reduced the viral titers in mouse lungs and lung index, downregulated their innnnunocytokine levels, including IL-1 beta and IL-18, and down regulated the NLRP3, especially the transcription and translation of caspase-1. Meanwhile NS group had significantly higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression which could was dramatically reduced by the treatment of RDN plus ribavirin. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that RDN combined with ribavirin could protect the mice, and reduce the lung imnnunopathologic damage caused by severe influenza pneumonia. The mechanism could be that it reduced ROS produce and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasonne activation so that mainly lower the downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-18. (C) 2020 JTCM. All rights reserved.

BackgroundGuidelines emphasize prompt antiviral treatment in severe influenza patients. Although nearly a 50% of severe influenza present with pneumonia, the effect of early (<= 2days after illness onset) neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) use on the clinical outcomes of influenza A-related pneumonia (FluA-p) has rarely been assessed. Furthermore, data about the administration of NAIs in the real-world management of Flu-p in China are limited.MethodsData of patients hospitalised with FluA-p from five teaching hospitals in China from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The impact of early NAI therapy on the outcomes in FluA-p patients, and the indications of early NAI administration by clinicians were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn total, 693 FluA-p patients were included. Of these patients, 33.5% (232/693) were treated early. After adjusting for weighted propensity scores for treatment, systemic corticosteroid and antibiotic use, a multivariate logistic regression model showed that early NAI therapy was associated with decreased risk for invasive ventilation [odds ratio (OR) 0.511, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.312-0.835, p=0.007) and 30-day mortality (OR 0.533, 95% CI 0.210-0.807, p<0.001) in FluA-p patients. A multivariate logistic regression model confirmed early NAI use (OR 0.415, 95% CI 0.195-0.858, p=0.001) was a predictor for 30-day mortality in FluA-p patients and a positive rapid influenza diagnostic test was the only indication (OR 3.586, 95% CI 1.259-10.219, p<0.001) related to the prescription of early NAI by clinicians.ConclusionsEarly NAI therapy is associated with better outcomes in FluA-p patients. Improved education and training of clinicians on the guidelines of influenza are needed.