Human S100A7 ELISA Matched Antibody Pair

We previously reported that patients with lung adenocarcinomas with KRAS gene mutations and strong proliferating activity had poorer outcomes, even in the early stage of the disease. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential molecular basis of these highly malignant lung tumors by focusing on S100 proteins (S100A2, S100A7, and S100A11), which are downstream targets of oncogenic KRAS and promoters of tumor progression. The immunohistochemical expression of S100 proteins was examined in 179 primary lung adenocarcinomas, and the potential relationships between their levels and clinicopathologic factors were analyzed. Among the three subtypes, S100A11 levels were significantly higher in adenocarcinomas with KRAS mutations and strong proliferating activity. They were also higher in adenocarcinomas with poorly differentiated tumors. Furthermore, higher levels of S100A11 were associated with shorter disease-free survival. These results suggest that the up-regulation of S100A11 plays a role in tumor progression, particularly in KRAS-mutated lung adenocarcinomas.

A phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated apremilast efficacy, safety, and pharmacodynamics in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo, apremilast 30 mg twice daily (APR30), or apremilast 40 mg twice daily (APR40) for 12 weeks. During weeks 12-24, all patients received APR30 or APR40. A biopsy substudy evaluated atopic dermatitis-related biomarkers. Among 185 randomly assigned intent-to-treat patients at week 12, a dose-response relationship was observed; APR40 (n = 63), but not APR30 (n = 58), led to statistically significant improvements (vs. placebo, n = 64) in Eczema Area and Severity Index (mean [standard deviation] percent change from baseline = -31.6% [44.6] vs. -11.0% [71.2], P < 0.04; primary endpoint). mRNA expression of T helper type 17/T helper type 22-related markers (IL-17A, IL-22, and S100A7/A8; P < 0.05) showed the highest reductions with APR40, with minimal changes in other immune axes. Safety with APR30 was largely consistent with apremilast's known profile (common adverse events: nausea, diarrhea, headache, and nasopharyngitis). With APR40, adverse events were more frequent, and cellulitis occurred (n = 6). An independent safety monitoring committee discontinued the APR40 dosage. APR40 showed modest efficacy and decreased atopic dermatitis-related biomarkers in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis patients. Adverse events, including cellulitis, were more frequent with APR40, which was discontinued during the trial.