Reduced neonatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor is associated with autism spectrum disorders
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
Authors: Skogstrand, Kristin; Hagen, Christian Munch; Borbye-Lorenzen, Nis; Christiansen, Michael; Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas; Baekvad-Hansen, Marie; Werge, Thomas; Borglum, Anders; Mors, Ole; Nordentoft, Merethe; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Hougaard, David Michael
Abstract
Mental disorders have for the majority of cases an unknown etiology, but several studies indicate that neurodevelopmental changes happen in utero or early after birth. We performed a nested case-control study of the relation between blood levels of neuro-developmental (S100B, BDNF, and VEGF-A) and inflammatory (MCP-1, TARC, IL8, IL-18, CRP, and IgA) biomarkers in newborns, and later development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD, N = 751), attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD, N = 801) , schizophrenia (N = 1969), affective (N = 641) or bipolar disorders (N = 641). Samples and controls were obtained as part of the iPSYCH Danish Case-Cohort Study using dried blood spot samples collected between 1981 and 2004, and stored frozen at the Danish National Biobank. In newborns lower blood level of BDNF was significantly associated with increased odds (OR 1.15) of developing ASD (p = 0.001). This difference could not be explained by genetic variation in the BDNF coding gene region. A tendency of decreased levels of all the neurotrophic markers and increased levels of all inflammatory markers was noted. The low newborn blood levels of BDNF in children developing ASD is an important finding, suggesting that lower BDNF levels in newborns contributes to the etiology of ASD and indicates new directions for further research. It may also help identifying a long-sought marker for high-ASD risk in, e.g., younger siblings of ASD children.
Ferulic acid inhibits bovine endometrial epithelial cells against LPS-induced inflammation via suppressing NK-kappa B and MAPK pathway
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
Authors: Yin, Peng; Zhang, Zhicong; Li, Jiandong; Shi, Yaran; Jin, Na; Zou, Wenshu; Gao, Qian; Wang, Wen; Liu, Fenghua
Abstract
Endometritis is one of the most common reproductive diseases caused by bacterial infection in the cow. Ferulic acid is a major effective component extracted from Ligusticum wallichii. Ferulic acid displays pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation and antioxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of ferulic acid on inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs). BEECs were pretreated with ferulic acid followed by LPS treatment. QRT-PCR analysis showed the mRNA expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL6, TNFA, and IL8) was decreased with ferulic acid pretreatment. Western blot analysis showed that ferulic acid inhibited the degradation of I kappa B and phosphorylation of NF-kappa B p65. Ferulic acid suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs, including p38 and JNK. All of these results indicated that ferulic acid may be considered as a potential anti-inflammatory drug for curing endometritis.