Rat ADORA1 (Adenosine A1 Receptor) ELISA Kit

Aims/hypothesis Adenosine is an important regulator of metabolism; however, the role of the A(1) receptor during ageing and obesity is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of A(1) signalling in modulating metabolic function during ageing. Methods Age-matched young and aged A (1) (also known as Adora1)-knockout (A (1) (-/-)) and wild-type (A (1) (+/+)) mice were used. Metabolic regulation was evaluated by body composition, and glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Isolated islets and islet arterioles were used to detect islet endocrine and vascular function. Oxidative stress and inflammation status were measured in metabolic organs and systemically. Results Advanced age was associated with both reduced glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity, as well as increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in A (1) (+/+) compared with A (1) (-/-) mice. Islet morphology and insulin content were similar between genotypes, but relative changes in in vitro insulin release following glucose stimulation were reduced in aged A (1) (+/+) compared with A (1) (-/-) mice. Islet arteriolar responses to angiotensin II were stronger in aged A (1) (+/+) mice, this being associated with increased NADPH oxidase activity. Ageing resulted in multiple changes in A (1) (+/+) compared with A (1) (-/-) mice, including enhanced NADPH oxidase-derived O-2 (-) formation and NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (Nox2) protein expression in pancreas and VAT; elevated levels of circulating insulin, leptin and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-12); and accumulation of CD4(+) T cells in VAT. This was associated with impaired insulin signalling in VAT from aged A (1) (+/+) mice. Conclusions/interpretation These studies emphasise that A(1) receptors regulate metabolism and islet endocrine and vascular functions during ageing, including via the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, among other things.

Purpose: Systemic treatment with adenosine receptor antagonists has been reported to affect the biochemistry and ultrastructure of rabbit sclera. This study was conducted to determine whether adenosine receptors (ADORs) are present in human scleral fibroblasts (HSF). Methods: Primary HSF were cultured in vitro and identified with anti-vimentin, anti-keratin, anti-desmin, and anti-S-100 antibodies. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to study the distribution of ADORs in the HSF cell lines and in the frozen human scleral sections. ADOR protein expression in HSF and human sclera was confirmed by western blot analysis of cell lysates. Results: ADORs were expressed in both HSF and human sclera. This was confirmed by western blot. ADORA1 expression was concentrated in the nucleus. ADORA2A was concentrated mainly in one side of the cytoplasm, and ADORA2B was found both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. ADORA3 was expressed weakly in the cytoplasm. Conclusions: All four subtypes of ADOR were found in HSF and may play a role in scleral remodeling.