Ractopamine(10) [HRP]

Background Activity of 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6 '-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase in serum shows good agreement with pancreatic lipase (cPL) in dogs. Although prednisolone therapy does not seem to affect serum cPL concentration, its influence on DGGR lipase is unclear. Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of prednisolone therapy on DGGR lipase serum activity in dogs. Animals Thirty-four dogs were used, of which 17 dogs received prednisolone (study group) and 17 healthy dogs did not receive treatment. Methods A prospective cohort study measured DGGR lipase activity in both groups at 3 time points: T0, T1, and T2, corresponding to days 0, 7-10, and 21-30, respectively. Dogs from study group presented a medical reason that justified the use of prednisolone for at least 3 weeks. Initial prednisolone dose was .5-2.0 mg/kg/day PO with a reduction at T1 to a final dose that was maintained until T2. DGGR lipase activity >160 U/L was defined as clinically relevant. Results In the study group, DGGR lipase activity increased significantly from T0 to T1 (P = .02) and decreased significantly from T1 to T2 (P = .02). Median DGGR activity at each time point (T0, T1, and T2) was 24.74 (14.45-31.48), 36.82 (23.8-80.16), and 29.52 (15.91-48.48) U/L, respectively. In the control group, no significant changes were observed over time (P = .93). The DGGR lipase activity and prednisolone doses were not correlated for both T0-T1 (r(s) = .371, P = .14) and T1-T2 (r(s) = 0.390, P = .12). Conclusion and Clinical Importance DGGR lipase activity was affected by prednisolone administered orally in dogs. However, this variation was not clinically important as values remained below the relevant upper limit.

As the primary alternative to ozone-depleting refrigerants, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have increased in use and emissions in the United States. This increase, and a large portion of total U.S. HFC consumption, is expected due to the use of HFCs in residential air conditioning (RAC). The RAC market primarily relied upon chlorodifluoromethane, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) known as HCFC-22, whose consumption is being phased out globally under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and under national regulations such as the Clean Air Act in the United States. The RAC market today relies on HFCs, most often R-410A (a blend of difluoromethane or HFC-32, and pentafluoroethane or HFC-125) for new equipment, but older units using HCFC-22 remain. The RAC industry is investigating multiple alternatives with global warming potentials (GWPs) significantly below that of R-410A. Research has been conducted by chemical producers, air conditioner and component manufacturers, national government laboratories, academia, and consortium efforts. Various low-GWP alternatives have been suggested with GWPs of approximately 750 and below. This paper investigates industry-wide HFC reduction measures in the United States across sectors that have transitioned from ozone-depleting substances to HFCs. Under various scenarios with RAC refrigerants with GWPs in the 150-750 range, this paper shows that future RAC refrigerants will strongly influence industry efforts to reduce U.S. HFC consumption. These reductions are not just reliant on manufacturers introducing new equipment with low-GWP alternatives. The service industries, responsible for repairing leaks and recovering refrigerant, play a vital role in reducing HFC consumption.