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One of the biggest challenges in political mayhem is visible during the election process where no stone is kept unturned in order to gain the power. Further, due to poll violence and waiting in the long queues to cast their votes, numbers of common citizens avoid the voting process completely in order to evade the chaos. In order to reduce these issues or to increase the voting rate, number of smart based or IoT enabled voting applications has been projected by various authors. However, IoT devices can be easily compromised or hacked by the experts (intruders) in order to gain their own access. Therefore, to ensure an enhanced secure and transparent polling process, Blockchain plays a vital role in ensuring the legit votes and their counting without their manipulation in any way. It is also needed in today's times where the world is available to people in their IoT or smart devices to also give them the opportunity to register their votes hassle free via their smart devices without having to worry about the system getting hacked. Therefore, in this paper, the proposed layout will be based on an enhanced security through Blockchain in E-voting application using IoT devices where the user will create an account with proper verification done via voter id and other biometric methods on a smart device. Every transaction done via this account which in this case will be registering vote will be validated by a miner. The proposed Blockchain mechanism for E-polling using IoT devices is again validated and verified through several parameters such as response time, resource utilization and request processed.

In most developed democracies, parties adjust their positions to polls and public opinion. Yet, in a coalition government, the policy that emerges is often the outcome of negotiations between governing parties. We argue that the credibility of exit threats by current coalition members and the importance of outside parties for the formation of potential alternative coalitions both matter for policy adoption. Building on a new data set measuring the expected coalition-inclusion probabilities of parties in parliamentary democracies, we estimate the effect of coalition prospects on an important policy outcome-environmental policy stringency-in nine European countries between 1990 and 2012. Our findings demonstrate that only polling shifts that alter coalition probabilities affect outcomes. Changes in the coalition-inclusion probability of green parties-regardless of whether they are in government-predict changes in the environmental policy stringency of sitting governments. Political polls, in contrast, do not.