Polymorphism nucleotide oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2) in neonatal with early breastfeeding initiation
ENFERMERIA CLINICA
Authors: Ahmad, Mardiana; Arsin, A. Arsunan; Sirajuddin, Saifuddin; Syafar, Muh
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine if NOD2 gene polymorphisms are found in neonatal with early breastfeeding initiation and neonatal without early breastfeeding initiation. Method: This study used a Quasy Experiment type, with Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The sample in this study were 60 pregnant women; gestational age +/- 34 and 36 weeks, normal delivery, and carried out early breastfeeding at the Siti Fatima maternal and child hospital and Public Health Center Bara-baraya. The sample was divided into two groups, i.e., the intervention group as many as 30 neonatal and the control group as many as 30 neonatal. Samples were taken from blood from the umbilical cord as much as three cc for the examination of NOD2 polymorphisms. Results: The group that was given early breastfeeding initiation intervention had a polymorphism frequency of 1 person (3.33%), while the control group had a polymorphism frequency of 4 people (6.67%). Conclusion: The control group, i.e., infants who did not get early breastfeeding initiation had a higher frequency of NOD2 gene mutations compared to the group that received early breastfeeding initiation. (C) 2019 Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Genetic variants of innate immunity receptors are associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infection
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
Authors: Schaapman, Jelte J.; Amoros, Alex; van der Reijden, Johan J.; Laleman, Wim; Zeuzem, Stefan; Banares, Rafael; Jalan, Rajiv; Arroyo, Vicente; Claria, Joan; Verspaget, Hein W.; Coenraad, Minneke J.
Abstract
Background & Aims Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by acute decompensation of cirrhosis (AD), organ failure(s) and high risk of short-term mortality with bacterial infection frequently as precipitating event. Innate immune pattern recognition receptors and members of the lectin pathway of complement activation are crucial to the innate immune response to pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of innate immune components are associated with the occurrence of bacterial infections or mortality in patients with cirrhosis hospitalized for AD or ACLF. Methods Twenty-one innate immunity SNPs with known functional implications were genotyped in 826 AD/ACLF patients included in the CANONIC study. Associations between baseline characteristics of the patients, the occurrence of bacterial infections and survival rate at 90 days of follow-up in relation to the innate immunity genetic variants were analysed. Results The NOD2-G908R genetic variant was associated with mortality (HR 2.25, P = .004) independently of age and MELD Score. This association was also found in a predefined subgroup analysis in patients with bacterial infections (HR 2.78, P < .001) along with MBL_Yx (HR 1.72, P = .008) and MASP2_371 (HR 1.67, P = .012) genetic variants. None of the analysed SNPs were significantly associated with the occurrence of acute bacterial infections or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in particular. Conclusions Innate immune system-specific NOD2-G908R, MBL_Yx and MASP2_371 genetic variants were independently associated with increased risk of short-term mortality in AD/ACLF patients with bacterial infection.