Human MAX blocking peptide

Contamination of drinking water with heavy metals, particularly arsenic (As), is a persistent problem with serious public health implications worldwide. In this study, we present a zinc based metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF-74) and polyacrylamide polymer (PAM) coated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an effective adsorbent for the removal of arsenite (As(III)) from water. Zn-MOF-74 nanoparticles were prepared by room temperature precipitation and these were immobilized on rGO surface grafted PAM by a free-radical polymerization method, (Zn-MOF-74/rGO/PAM nanocomposites). The experimental data correlates well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacity (q(max)) was 282.4 mg g(-1) at pH 10, 298 K. The removal efficiency was rapid, removing more than 99.8% of As(III) from a 0.2 mg L-1 solution and achieving drinkable levels in 15 min. Thermodynamic data revealed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the adsorbent revealed high stability in pH range 4-10 and could be reused at least four times. Adsorption mechanism involved a synergistic combination of chemisorption and physisorption. FTIR and XPS analyzes revealed that the amide group (-NH2) and hydroxyl group (-OH) on ZnMOF-74/rGO/PAM dominate in their adsorption.

Purpose Ingesting readily oxidized carbohydrates (CHO) such as sucrose during exercise can improve endurance performance. Whether lactose can be utilized as a fuel source during exercise is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the metabolic response to lactose ingestion during exercise, compared with sucrose or water. Methods Eleven participants (age, 22 +/- 4 yr; V?O-2peak, 50.9 +/- 4.7 mL center dot min(-1)center dot kg(-1)) cycled at 50% W-max for 150 min on five occasions. Participants ingested CHO beverages (lactose or sucrose; 48 g center dot h(-1), 0.8 g center dot min(-1)) or water throughout exercise. Total substrate and exogenous CHO oxidation was estimated using indirect calorimetry and stable isotope techniques (naturally high C-13-abundance CHO ingestion). Naturally low C-13-abundance CHO trials were conducted to correct background shifts in breath (CO2)-C-13 production. Venous blood samples were taken to determine plasma glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. Results Mean exogenous CHO oxidation rates were comparable with lactose (0.56 +/- 0.19 g center dot min(-1)) and sucrose (0.61 +/- 0.10 g center dot min(-1); P = 0.49) ingestion. Endogenous CHO oxidation contributed less to energy expenditure in lactose (38% +/- 14%) versus water (50% +/- 11%, P = 0.01) and sucrose (50% +/- 7%, P <= 0.05). Fat oxidation was higher in lactose (42% +/- 8%) than in sucrose (28% +/- 6%; P <= 0.01); CHO conditions were lower than water (50% +/- 11%; P <= 0.05). Plasma glucose was higher in lactose and sucrose than in water (P <= 0.01); plasma lactate was higher in sucrose than in water (P <= 0.01); plasma nonesterified fatty acids were higher in water than in sucrose (P <= 0.01). Conclusions Lactose and sucrose exhibited similar exogenous CHO oxidation rates during exercise at moderate ingestion rates. Compared with sucrose ingestion, lactose resulted in higher fat and lower endogenous CHO oxidation.