Mechanical Properties of Microlayered Ti-Al Materials in Static and Cyclic Loading
POWDER METALLURGY AND METAL CERAMICS
Authors: Lugovskoi, Yu. F.; Nazarenko, V. A.; Minakov, N. V.; Spiridonov, S. A.; Nischenets, V. N.
Abstract
The technique for producing microlayered materials by sintering and rolling a package of alternating titanium and aluminum ribbons at 460 and 770 degrees C is presented. The initial package thickness was 2.6 mm and the final thickness after hot rolling was 1.8 mm. Then the preform was rolled at room temperature to a thickness of 0.5 mm. The total strain at 20 degrees C was e = ln1.8/0.5 = 1.3. Some ribbons 0.5 mm thick stratified in the middle and were tested by static and cyclic bending. X-ray diffraction found that the material that was heated and rolled at 770 degrees C contained an hcp titanium phase and a TiAl3 phase. Structural anisotropy in titanium layers was established. The proportional limit of the 0.5 mm thick material was 368 MPa. The elastic characteristics, transmission energy of vibrations, and fatigue strength of the microlayered Ti-TiAl3 samples 0.25 mm thick cut along and across the rolling direction were determined. For this purpose, firstand second-mode resonant bending vibrations of cantilevered samples were excited and dependences of the maximum stresses in the samples on machine (electrodynamic shaker) power, W/W-max, were found. The destructive fatigue stresses in the samples versus the number of load cycles were determined as well. Young's modulus of the samples cut out along the rolling direction was 92 and for the samples cut out across the rolling direction was 100 GPa. The microlayered Ti-TiAl3 material along the rolling direction is less perfect than that across the rolling direction since nondestructive stresses are 11% lower along the rolling direction because of greater energy dissipation in anisotropic crystallographic structure, the relative excitation power of vibrations being the same. The ultimate strength determined from 107 cycles (T-roll = 460 degrees C) was 303 MPa for the Ti-Al samples along the rolling direction and 299 MPa for the Ti-TiAl3 samples along the rolling direction and 481 MPa for those across the rolling direction.
The average number of spanning hypertrees in sparse uniform hypergraphs
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
Authors: Aldosari, Haya S.; Greenhill, Catherine
Abstract
An r-uniform hypergraph H consists of a set of vertices V and a set of edges whose elements are r-subsets of V. We define a hypertree to be a connected hypergraph which contains no cycles. A hypertree spans a hypergraph H if it is a subhypergraph of H which contains all vertices of H. Greenhill et al. (2017) gave an asymptotic formula for the average number of spanning trees in graphs with given, sparse degree sequence. We prove an analogous result for r-uniform hypergraphs with given degree sequence k = (k(1), ..., k(n)). Our formula holds when r(5)k(max)(3) = o((kr - k - r)n), where k is the average degree and k(max) is the maximum degree. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.