The Simulation and Prototyping of a Density-Based Smart Traffic Control System for Learning Purposes
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONLINE AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Khayyat, Mashael; Abouola, Omar; Aljojo, Nahla; Alharbi, Basma; Almalki, Nada; Al-zahrani, Maysoon; Al-ghamdi, Tasneem; Al-qarni, Lama
Abstract
With the tremendous technological progress and the widespread use of a variety of technologies, we note how smart cities are providing services efficiently by using technologies. The aim of this project is to build a Smart Traffic Control System (STCS) to facilitate and optimize traffic flow, minimize traffic congestion, and reduce the waiting time by detecting the density on each street. This work has been carried on four phases. Firstly, collecting data by a questionnaire and we received 331 responses. Secondly, using Proteus simulation. Thirdly, building a low fidelity prototype, and fourthly: building the STCS model by using hardware (Arduino tools) and software (Arduino Software IDE). Finally, we learned how to build a system and we recommend using such a system in busy roads to reduced congestion and making traffic flow more efficient.
Validation of hepatocellular carcinoma risk scores in Japanese chronic hepatitis B cohort receiving nucleot(s)ide analog
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Authors: Kirino, Sakura; Tamaki, Nobuharu; Kaneko, Shun; Kurosaki, Masayuki; Inada, Kento; Yamashita, Koji; Osawa, Leona; Hayakawa, Yuka; Sekiguchi, Shuhei; Watakabe, Keiya; Okada, Mao; Wang, Wan; Shimizu, Takao; Higuchi, Mayu; Takaura, Kenta; Maeyashiki, Chiaki; Yasui, Yutaka; Nakanishi, Hiroyuki; Tsuchiya, Kaoru; Itakura, Jun; Takahashi, Yuka; Izumi, Namiki
Abstract
Background and Aim The prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development during nucleotide/nucleoside analog (NA) therapy is clinically important in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Although several useful models for HCC prediction have been previously reported, their usefulness in the Japanese population is unclear. Therefore, this study examines the applicability of these models in Japanese patients. Methods Four hundred forty-three patients with no history of HCC who were treated with entecavir, tenofovir alafenamide, or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were enrolled. PAGE-B, modified-PAGE-B, and REACH-B scores were calculated, and subsequent HCC development was investigated. Results The mean follow-up duration was 5.1 years, and a total of 33 patients (7.4%) developed HCC during the follow-up period. Multivariate analysis revealed that old age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.09, P = 0.011), male gender (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.06-6.49, P = 0.037), and low platelet count (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.91, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of HCC development. These factors are the same as the factors identified in the PAGE-B model. Time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve revealed that the AUROCs for 3 and 7 years of PAGE-B (AUROC: 0.786 and 0.744 at 3 and 7 years, respectively) were continuously higher than those of REACH-B (0.658 and 0.543) and modified PAGE-B AUROC (0.772 and 0.731). Conclusions PAGE-B, which can easily identify high-risk cases, can be useful for predicting HCC development in Japanese patients treated with NA therapy.