Rabbit Anti-Human GATA3 monoclonal antibody, clone TU55-10

BACKGROUND: The most common sites of breast cancer metastases are the bone, lung, liver, and brain. Scalp involvement in breast cancer metastasis is extraordinarily rare. CASE DESCRIPTION: This study reports a 52-year-old woman who had a history of malignant right breast cancer and underwent a mastectomy. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed a soft tissue nodule measuring 1 x 0.7 cm located subcutaneously on the top left side of the scalp. A scalp mass excision operation was performed with an extended "S"-shaped incision, and the mass was sent for pathology. Immunohistochemistry showed the following results: CK7: +; ER: 2+, 90%; GATA3: +; GCDFP-15: scattered cells+; mammaglobin: -, napsin A: -; and TTF-1: -. These results were consistent with the characteristics of primary right breast cancer, supporting scalp metastasis from breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Scalp metastasis from breast cancer is an exceedingly infrequent phenomenon. Close attention should be paid to soft tissue masses in patients with a healthy appearance and in those with a history of malignant cancer. When neurosurgeons operate on the mass, the circumscription and depth of the tumor must be given further attention.

The study explores the role of neddylation in early trophoblast development and its alteration during the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Immunofluorescence and western blot were conducted to evaluate the expression pattern of NEDD8 protein in the first-trimester placentas of healthy control and RSA patients. Neddylated-cullins, especially neddylated-cullin1, were downregulated and their substrate, p21, was accumulated in RSA samples. NEDD8 cytoplasmic recruitment was observed in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) progenitors of RSA placentas. Consistent with the results of clinical samples, neddylation inhibition using MLN4924 in trophoblast cell lines caused obvious p21 accumulation and free NEDD8 cytoplasmic recruitment. Further in vitro study demonstrated neddylation inhibition attenuated proliferation of Jeg-3 cells via p21 accumulation. Moreover, when trophoblast stem (TS) cells derived from first-trimester placentas were cultured for differentiation analyses. MLN4924 impaired the differentiation of TS cells towards EVTs by downregulating HLA-G and GATA3. p21 knockdown could partly rescue MLN4924-suppressed HLA-G and GATA3 expression. In conclusion, cullin1 neddylation-mediated p21 degradation is required for trophoblast proliferation and can affect trophoblast plasticity by affecting HLA-G and GATA3 expression. The results provide insights into the pathological mechanism of RSA and the biological regulation of trophoblast development.