Activin Regulation of Gonadotropin Synthesis
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
Authors: Bernard, D. J.; Lamba, P.
Abstract
Activins and inhibins were discovered based on their abilities to stimulate and suppress pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and secretion from anterior pituitary gonadotrope cells. Inhibins exert their actions through competitive antagonism of activin signaling. Activins stimulate FSH synthesis by increasing FSH beta subunit gene (FSHB/Fshb) transcription. Our work indicates that activins regulate the proximal FSHB/Fshb promoter in species-specific fashion. Here, we review how activins regulate FSHB/Fshb transcription in mice, pigs, and humans. Differences in the underlying molecular mechanisms may help explain inter-species differences in FSH secretion.
Naturally occurring genetic mutations in the 5-upstream regulatory region of bovine FSHB generate a novel cis-regulatory element that affects its expression
ANIMAL GENETICS
Authors: Dai, Lisheng; Xu, Yanli; Yu, Wangyang; Liu, Siyuan; Gao, Yan; Zhang, Lianjiang; Yuan, Bao; Chen, Jian; Ma, Tenghe; Zhang, Jiabao
Abstract
We previously reported that numerous naturally occurring genetic mutations in the 5-upstream regulatory region (5-URR) of the bovine follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit gene (FSHB) were associated with reduced serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, poor-quality semen and low fertility in bulls. In addition, two different FSHB mRNA transcripts resulting from the linked mutations of genomic DNA were discovered in mutation-bearing bull pituitaries. Here, using electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we identified c.-1539_-1538delGGinsTTAACT mutations in the 5-URR that generated a novel cis-regulatory element in bovine FSHB. Moreover, this novel element seemed to play a role in repressing FSHB transcription based on a promoter activity analysis in LT2 gonadotrope cells. Quantitative assays of FSHB mRNA in the bovine pituitaries suggested that the levels of FSHB wild-type transcripts in the mutation-bearing bulls were significantly lower (P<0.05) than in those of bulls without FSHB genetic mutations and that the levels of FSHB-mutated transcripts were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of wild-type transcripts in the mutation-bearing bulls. Altogether, our results suggest that decreased serum FSH levels and male fertility in bulls with the c.-1539_-1538delGGinsTTAACT mutation likely result from the alteration of cis-regulatory elements and induction of FSHB transcription.