Carboxymethyl-lysine [KLH]

Today, air pollution, smoking, use of fatty acids and ready-made foods, and so on, have exacerbated heart disease. Therefore, controlling the risk of such diseases can prevent or reduce their incidence. The present study aimed at developing an integrated methodology including Markov decision processes (MDP) and genetic algorithm (GA) to control the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and type 1 diabetes. First, the efficiency of GA is evaluated against Grey Wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, and then, the superiority of GA is revealed. Next, the MDP is employed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease. For this purpose, model inputs are first determined using a validated micro-simulation model for screening cardiovascular disease developed at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran by GA. The model input factors are then defined accordingly and using these inputs, three risk estimation models are identified. The results of these models support WHO guidelines that provide medicine with a high discount to patients with high expected LYs. To develop the MDP methodology, policies should be adopted that work well despite the difference between the risk model and the actual risk. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the behavior of the total medication cost against the changes of parameters.

Spodoptera litura is classified as a plant-disturbing organism. Efforts to control S. litura by using chemical insecticides have a detrimental impact on the environment and the potential to harm non-target organisms. Bioinsecticides provide a safe alternative for reducing the agricultural pest problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific amino acid from Mirabilis jalapa extract using high performance-liquid chromatography (HP-LC) analysis and to identify their potency as a biopesticide. Mirabilis jalapa extract in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis influences the weakening of the S litura immune system to explain the cause of S. litura death. The results showed that the M jalapa extract had seven sequences of the highest amino acid compounds from M. jalapa, namely: Glu, Asp, Lys, Val, Leu, AT, and Ala. Alanine compound has the potential as a biopesticide that breaks down the muscle and nervous system and blocks its receptors. The combination of B. thuringiensis in LC50 concentration also caused the death of S. litura. Finally, the combination of 0.2% concentration of M. jalapa and B. thuringiensis at a sublethal concentration (1.07%) applied in 12-hour intervals within 24 hours showed the optimum mortality of S. litura (p<0.05): the death of larvae was characterized by damage to the midgut organs in the digestive tract observed by the histological microanatomy.