Anti-CD226 Monoclonal antibody, clone 2F7 [APC]

The human poliovirus receptor (PVR) is a cell surface protein with a multitude of functions in human biology. PVR was initially identified as the receptor for the human poliovirus and recent discoveries have given a greater insight into both its morphology and its function. Alternative splicing of the PVR gene results in a total of 4 alternatively spliced isoforms. Two of these isoforms lack a complete transmembrane domain and are considered soluble and block viral infection; the remaining two transmembrane isoforms differ only at their extreme C-terminal domains resulting in differential localization in epithelia and polarity of viral infection. In addition to its role as a receptor for the human poliovirus, several native biological functions have also been uncovered. PVR is an important cell adhesion protein and is involved in the transendothelial migration of leukocytes. Through its interactions with CD226 and TIGIT, transmembrane proteins found on leukocytes, PVR is a key regulator of the cell-mediated immune response. As PVR is differentially regulated in a broad spectrum of cancers, it has a strong potential for clinical use as a biomarker. PVR is also a possible target for novel cancer therapies. Utilizing its natural tropism for PVR, a genetically modified form of the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine is currently being tested for its ability to locate and destroy certain tumors. These recent studies emphasize the importance of PVR in human biology and demonstrate its utility beyond being a viral receptor protein.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, especially in Asia The development of GC is a multifactorial process and numerous studies have linked genetic variation to GC risk. In this study, we evaluated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CD226 on GC susceptibility in Chinese populations including 687 cancer patients and 936 control subjects. We found that the G allele of the rs727088A>G polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of CD226 was significantly associated with risk of GC using logistic regression (P < 10(-3)). GC patients who harbored the rs727088G allele had significantly increased cancer risk (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval = 1.23-1.67) compared with those patients harboring the rs727088A allele. Moreover, functional relevance was further performed that individuals carrying the rs727088G allele were correlated with lower expression level of CD226 than individuals carrying the rs727088AA homozygous genotype. These findings indicated that functional polymorphism rs727088A>G in CD226 might modify the susceptibility for the development of GC. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.