Breast cancer risk-associated SNPs modulate the affinity of chromatin for FOXA1 and alter gene expression
NATURE GENETICS
Authors: Cowper-Sal-lari, Richard; Zhang, Xiaoyang; Wright, Jason B.; Bailey, Swneke D.; Cole, Michael D.; Eeckhoute, Jerome; Moore, Jason H.; Lupien, Mathieu
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of SNPs that are associated with human traits and diseases. But, because the vast majority of these SNPs are located in non-coding regions of the genome, the mechanisms by which they promote disease risk have remained elusive. Employing a new methodology that combines cistromics, epigenomics and genotype imputation, we annotate the non-coding regions of the genome in breast cancer cells and systematically identify the functional nature of SNPs associated with breast cancer risk. Our results show that breast cancer risk-associated SNPs are enriched in the cistromes of FOXA1 and ESR1 and the epigenome of histone H3 lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) in a cancer- and cell type-specific manner. Furthermore, the majority of the risk-associated SNPs modulate the affinity of chromatin for FOXA1 at distal regulatory elements, thereby resulting in allele-specific gene expression, which is exemplified by the effect of the rs4784227 SNP on the TOX3 gene within the 16q12.1 risk locus.
The role of genetic breast cancer susceptibility variants as prognostic factors
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
Authors: Fasching, Peter A.; Pharoah, Paul D. P.; Cox, Angela; Nevanlinna, Heli; Bojesen, Stig E.; Karn, Thomas; Broeks, Annegien; van Leeuwen, Flora E.; van 't Veer, Laura J.; Udo, Renate; Dunning, Alison M.; Greco, Dario; Aittomaki, Kristiina; Blomqvist, Carl; Shah, Mitul; Nordestgaard, Borge G.; Flyger, Henrik; Hopper, John L.; Southey, Melissa C.; Apicella, Carmel; Garcia-Closas, Montserrat; Sherman, Mark; Lissowska, Jolanta; Seynaeve, Caroline; Huijts, Petra E. A.; Tollenaar, Rob A. E. M.; Ziogas, Argyrios; Ekici, Arif B.; Rauh, Claudia; Mannermaa, Arto; Kataja, Vesa; Kosma, Veli-Matti; Hartikainen, Jaana M.; Andrulis, Irene L.; Ozcelik, Hilmi; Mulligan, Anna-Marie; Glendon, Gord; Hall, Per; Czene, Kamila; Liu, Jianjun; Chang-Claude, Jenny; Wang-Gohrke, Shan; Eilber, Ursula; Nickels, Stefan; Doerk, Thilo; Schiekel, Maria; Bremer, Michael; Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won; Giles, Graham G.; Severi, Gianluca; Baglietto, Laura; Hooning, Maartje J.; Martens, John W. M.; Jager, Agnes; Kriege, Mieke; Lindblom, Annika; Margolin, Sara; Couch, Fergus J.; Stevens, Kristen N.; Olson, Janet E.; Kosei, Matthew; Cross, Simon S.; Balasubramanian, Sabapathy P.; Reed, Malcolm W. R.; Miron, Alexander; John, Esther M.; Winqvist, Robert; Pylkas, Katri; Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja; Kauppila, Saila; Burwinkel, Barbara; Marme, Frederik; Schneeweiss, Andreas; Sohn, Christof; Chenevix-Trench, Georgia; Lambrechts, Diether; Dieudonne, Anne-Sophie; Hatse, Sigrid; van Limbergen, Erik; Benitez, Javier; Milne, Roger L.; Pilar Zamora, M.; Arias Perez, Jose Ignacio; Bonanni, Bernardo; Peissel, Bernard; Loris, Bernard; Peterlongo, Paolo; Rajaraman, Preetha; Schonfeld, Sara J.; Anton-Culver, Hoda; Devilee, Peter; Beckmann, Matthias W.; Slamon, Dennis J.; Phillips, Kelly-Anne; Figueroa, Jonine D.; Humphreys, Manjeet K.; Easton, Douglas F.; Schmidt, Marjanka K.
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies identified 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. We investigated these and 62 other SNPs for their prognostic relevance. Confirmed BC risk SNPs rs17468277 (CASP8), rs1982073 (TGFB1), rs2981582 (FGFR2), rs13281615 (8q24), rs3817198 (LSP1), rs889312 (MAP3K1), rs3803662 (TOX3), rs13387042 (2q35), rs4973768 (SLC4A7), rs6504950 (COX11) and rs10941679 (5p12) were genotyped for 25 853 BC patients with the available follow-up; 62 other SNPs, which have been suggested as BC risk SNPs by a GWAS or as candidate SNPs from individual studies, were genotyped for replication purposes in subsets of these patients. Cox proportional hazard models were used to test the association of these SNPs with overall survival (OS) and BC-specific survival (BCS). For the confirmed loci, we performed an accessory analysis of publicly available gene expression data and the prognosis in a different patient group. One of the 11 SNPs, rs3803662 (TOX3) and none of the 62 candidate/GWAS SNPs were associated with OS and/or BCS at P0.01. The genotypic-specific survival for rs3803662 suggested a recessive mode of action [hazard ratio (HR) of rare homozygous carriers1.21; 95 CI: 1.091.35, P0.0002 and HR1.29; 95 CI: 1.121.47, P0.0003 for OS and BCS, respectively]. This association was seen similarly in all analyzed tumor subgroups defined by nodal status, tumor size, grade and estrogen receptor. Breast tumor expression of these genes was not associated with prognosis. With the exception of rs3803662 (TOX3), there was no evidence that any of the SNPs associated with BC susceptibility were associated with the BC survival. Survival may be influenced by a distinct set of germline variants from those influencing susceptibility.
COA
Publication 
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