Anti-SOD2 (aa 77-91) polyclonal antibody

Wild-type Canton-S flies of Drosophila melanogaster were treated with ellagic acid at 100 mu M and 200 mu M concentrations. Longevity assay showed male flies fed with 200 mu M ellagic acid displayed longer mean lifespan and maximum lifespan than control flies. Female flies fed with 200 mu M ellagic acid laid less number of eggs than control. The eclosion time was less in female flies fed with 200 mu M ellagic acid. Ellagic acid fed female flies performed better than male flies and control flies for heat shock tolerance and starvation stress. Male flies treated with 100 mu M ellagic acid recovered faster from cold shock compared with control flies. Male and female flies treated with ellagic acid displayed increased survival following exposure to 5% hydrogen peroxide. Gene expression studies displayed upregulated expressions of CAT, dFOXO, ATG1, and SOD2 in ellagic acid-treated male flies, and upregulated expressions of dFOXO, CAT, and SOD2 in ellagic acid-treated female flies. Results from these studies show the pro-longevity effect of ellagic acid on Drosophila melanogaster.

The stimulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a prime target to decrease the hyperglycemic condition, hence it is a lutein (L) and oxidised lutein (OXL) is a target molecule for the treatment of type II diabetes. In the current study, a plausible interaction of L and OXL with AMPK was investigated by molecular docking. In addition, the effect of L and OXL for the activation of AMPK that triggers the downstream regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha), TFAM expression, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial biogenesis and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in high glucose treated HepG2 cells were investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Molecular docking reveals higher binding affinity of L (Delta G = -6.3 kcal/mol) and OXL (Delta G = -15.5 kcal/mol) with AMPK, compared with metformin (Delta G = -5.0 kcal/mol). The phosphorylation of AMPK increased by 1.3- and 1.5-fold with L and OXL treatment, respectively, in high glucose induced HepG2 cells. The activation of PGC-1 alpha is significant (P < 0.05) in OXL group than L. Similarly, TFAM expression is increased with L and OXL compared with the high glucose group. Further increase in SOD2 and mtDNA, confirms the efficacy of L and OXL in restoring the mitochondrial biogenesis in high glucose induced cells through AMPK, PGC-1 alpha, and TFAM.