Responsible for recognizing base lesions in the genome and initiating base excision DNA repair. Acts as a monofunctional DNA glycosylase specific for uracil (U) residues in DNA and has a preference for single-stranded DNA substrates. The activity is greater against mismatches (U/G) than against matches (U/A). Excised uracil (U), 5-formyluracil (fU) and uracil derivatives bearing an oxidized group at C5 [5-hydroxyuracil (hoU) and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmU)] in ssDNA and dsDNA but not analogous cytosine derivatives (5-hydroxycytosine and 5-formylcytosine) and other oxidized damage. The activity is damage specificity and salt concentration-dependent. The general order of the preference for ssDNA and dsDNA is the following: ssDNA > dsDNA (G pair) = dsDNA (A pair) at the low salt concentration. At the high concentration dsDNA (G pair) > dsDNA (A pair) > ssDNA.
Pathway
Base Excision Repair; Base excision repair; Base-Excision Repair, AP Site Formation; Base-free sugar-phosphate removal via the single-nucleotide replacement pathway; Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine; DNA Repair;
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