HDAC8 mutations in Cornelia de Lange syndrome affect the cohesin acetylation cycle
NATURE
Authors: Deardorff, Matthew A.; Bando, Masashige; Nakato, Ryuichiro; Watrin, Erwan; Itoh, Takehiko; Minamino, Masashi; Saitoh, Katsuya; Komata, Makiko; Katou, Yuki; Clark, Dinah; Cole, Kathryn E.; De Baere, Elfride; Decroos, Christophe; Di Donato, Nataliya; Ernst, Sarah; Francey, Lauren J.; Gyftodimou, Yolanda; Hirashima, Kyotaro; Hullings, Melanie; Ishikawa, Yuuichi; Jaulin, Christian; Kaur, Maninder; Kiyono, Tohru; Lombardi, Patrick M.; Magnaghi-Jaulin, Laura; Mortier, Geert R.; Nozaki, Naohito; Petersen, Michael B.; Seimiya, Hiroyuki; Siu, Victoria M.; Suzuki, Yutaka; Takagaki, Kentaro; Wilde, Jonathan J.; Willems, Patrick J.; Prigent, Claude; Gillessen-Kaesbach, Gabriele; Christianson, David W.; Kaiser, Frank J.; Jackson, Laird G.; Hirota, Toru; Krantz, Ian D.; Shirahige, Katsuhiko
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a dominantly inherited congenital malformation disorder, caused by mutations in the cohesin-loading protein NIPBL1,2 for nearly 60% of individuals with classical CdLS3-5, and by mutations in the core cohesin components SMC1A (similar to 5%) and SMC3 (<1%) for a smaller fraction of probands(6,7). In humans, the multisubunit complex cohesin is made up of SMC1, SMC3, RAD21 and a STAG protein. These form a ring structure that is proposed to encircle sister chromatids to mediate sister chromatid cohesion(8) and also has key roles in gene regulation(9). SMC3 is acetylated during S-phase to establish cohesiveness of chromatin-loaded cohesin(10-13), and in yeast, the class I histone deacetylase Hos1 deacetylates SMC3 during anaphase(14-16). Here we identify HDAC8 as the vertebrate SMC3 deacetylase, as well as loss-of-function HDAC8 mutations in six CdLS probands. Loss of HDAC8 activity results in increased SMC3 acetylation and inefficient dissolution of the 'used' cohesin complex released from chromatin in both prophase and anaphase. SMC3 with retained acetylation is loaded onto chromatin, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis demonstrates decreased occupancy of cohesin localization sites that results in a consistent pattern of altered transcription seen in CdLS cell lines with either NIPBL or HDAC8 mutations.
Comprehensive genetic analysis of 57 families with clinically suspected Cornelia de Lange syndrome
JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
Authors: Aoi, Hiromi; Mizuguchi, Takeshi; Ceroni, Jose Ricard; Kim, Veronica Eun Hue; Furquim, Isabel; Honjo, Rachel S.; Iwaki, Takuma; Suzuki, Toshifumi; Sekiguchi, Futoshi; Uchiyama, Yuri; Azuma, Yoshiteru; Hamanaka, Kohei; Koshimizu, Eriko; Miyatake, Satoko; Mitsuhashi, Satomi; Takata, Atsushi; Miyake, Noriko; Takeda, Satoru; Itakura, Atsuo; Bertola, Debora R.; Kim, Chong Ae; Matsumoto, Naomichi
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multisystem disorder with specific dysmorphic features. Pathogenic genetic variants encoding cohesion complex subunits and interacting proteins (e.g., NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, HDAC8, and RAD21) are the major causes of CdLS. However, there are many clinically diagnosed cases of CdLS without pathogenic variants in these genes. To identify further genetic causes of CdLS, we performed whole-exome sequencing in 57 CdLS families, systematically evaluating both single nucleotides variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs). We identified pathogenic genetic changes in 36 out of 57 (63.2 %) families, including 32 SNVs and four CNVs. Two known CdLS genes, NIPBL and SMC1A, were mutated in 23 and two cases, respectively. Among the remaining 32 individuals, four genes (ANKRD11, EP300, KMT2A, and SETD5) each harbored a pathogenic variant in a single individual. These variants are known to be involved in CdLS-like. Furthermore, pathogenic CNVs were detected in NIPBL, MED13L, and EHMT1, along with pathogenic SNVs in ZMYND11, MED13L, and PHIP. These three latter genes were involved in diseases other than CdLS and CdLS-like. Systematic clinical evaluation of all patients using a recently proposed clinical scoring system showed that ZMYND11, MED13L, and PHIP abnormality may cause CdLS or CdLS-like.
COA
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