Anti-Sex Hormone Binding Globulin monoclonal antibody, clone MA026 (1A7)

An imbalance in sex hormones has an important impact on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) mainly through the involvement of visceral adipose tissue. Androgens have an interesting sex-dimorphic association with T2DM, since hyperandrogenism in females and hypogonadism in males are risk factors for T2DM. Thus, treatments aimed at correcting hyperandrogenism in females and hypogonadism in males may prevent the development of T2DM or help in its treatment.

Research question: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women have increased cardiovascular risks, although it is unclear whether the haemostatic system and coagulation contribute to that increased risk. Design: Women attending the Gynecology Unit of the 'Virgen de la Arrixaca' University Hospital (Murcia, Spain) for routine gynaecological examinations between September 2014 and May 2016 were assessed for PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria (hyperandrogenism [H], oligo/amenorrhoea [O] and polycystic ovarian morphology [POM]) and were classified into four phenotypic. In total, 126 cases were identified and 159 control women were selected. All women underwent physical and gynaecological examinations, and blood tests between the second and fifth day of the menstrual cycle. Differences in hormonal, basal thrombophilia and metabolic parameters, and C-reactive protein (CRP) between PCOS and controls were analysed. Results: After adjusting by BMI and age, PCOS women had higher LH (P < 0.001), testosterone (P < 0.001), free testosterone (P = 0.01) and anti-Mullerian hormone (P < 0.001) and lower FSH (P = 0.03) compared with controls, whereas sex hormone-binding globulin was no different. Cases showed significantly higher protein S, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance (HOMAIR) compared with controls (P < 0.05). There were no differences in protein C levels, antithrombin III, prothrombin time, homocysteine, D-dimer, factor V Leyden, prothrombin G20210A polymorphism or CRP. The H+O phenotype showed the poorest results for insulin and HOMA-IR (P = 0.04 and 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that there are no differences in the basal thrombophilias between women with and without PCOS. However, PCOS with H+O shows the poorest metabolic profile.