Anti-LPO monoclonal antibody, clone FQS0337(C)

Eight pot-pollen samples produced by Philippine stingless bees (Tetragonula biroi Friese) were analyzed for the antioxidant composition and capacity. The methanolic extracts showed values of 7.95-24.75 mg GAE/g, 16.13-35.04 mg QE/g, and 0.19-0.74 mg CGE/g for total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, respectively. All pot-pollens contained substantial amounts of rutin (0.471-1.547 mg/g), quercetin glucoside (1.427-3.390 mg/g), other flavonol glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acids. Additionally, pollen samples contained 24-methylenecholesterol and Delta 5-avenasterol as dominant phytosterols. Antioxidant activities based on ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH center dot, and ABTS(center dot+) scavenging activities, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) inhibition showed a high correlation with phenolic and flavonoid contents, except for LPO inhibition. Results suggested that there might be synergistic effects among antioxidants. Summing up, this study revealed that T. biroi Friese pot-pollen can be used as a food supplement with high nutraceutical potential. Practical applications The recognition of Tetragonula biroi Friese pot-pollen as a nutraceutical product is strongly limited because its bioactive properties are not well-studied compared to other bee pollens. The results showed a rich occurrence of compounds with antioxidative effects like flavonoids and sterols. Antioxidant activities except lipid peroxidation inhibition revealed a high correlation with analyzed ingredients and shown interactions indicated that there might be synergistic effects among antioxidants.

Polysaccharides are essential macromolecules that are present in all living organisms. They have a range of biological activities, such as antiviral, antioxidant, immunity-enhancing, and anticancer activities. In this study, a polysaccharide (PCPS) was separated and extracted from dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum by a boiling water step and gel-filtration chromatography. Its structure was characterized by high performance gel-permeation chromatography, chemical derivative, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The results showed that PCPS is a neutral galactomannan with an apparent molecular weight of 19.5 kDa. We evaluated the antiviral activity of PCPS. In half-leaf assays of tobacco plants, the protective effect of PCPS against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was stronger than the protective effects of ningnanmycin and oligosaccharins. Electron microscopy analyses showed that PCPS can directly inactivate viral particles. The mechanism of the antiviral activity of PCPS was explored in a preliminary study. PCPS induced the production of NO and H2O2 to initiate an early defense response. Treatment with PCPS resulted in increased transcript levels of the genes PAL, 4CL, LPO, and increased activities of phenylalanine lyase and peroxidase, which improved the TMV resistance of Nicotiana glutinosa. Expression of the PR-1b gene was also activated during the defense response. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.