Anti-INA monoclonal antibody, clone FQS2630

Background Analysis of morphological variation in archipelagos has been essential to understand the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates. In particular, these natural scenarios allow to assess morphological changes experienced by insular fauna compared to their mainland counterparts. In mammals, morphological changes of insular forms have been observed in size and shape of body and cranial traits. The southern Patagonia of Chile represents a unique scenario to analyze morphological variation in two of the most widely distributed small rodents along western southern South America:Abrothrix olivaceaandOligoryzomys longicaudatus. Methods We applied linear and three-dimensional geometric morphometric tools to analyze the variation in cranial morphology ofA. olivacea(N = 80) andO. longicaudatus(N = 49).Sampled localities were distributed in the mainland and islands of the Fuegian archipelago in Chilean Patagonia. Standard multivariate methods, as Principal Components Analysis, and Logistic Regression models were carried out to evaluate differences in size and shape of crania. Results We detected higher levels of morphological variation in the crania ofA. olivaceaif compared toO. longicaudatus. The variation was associated to cranial size instead of shape. We observed significant differences between insular and mainland individuals inA. olivacea, being the cranium size of this species significantly bigger on islands. Indeed, specimens ofA. olivaceafrom "Isla Wellington", exhibited the higher increment in cranium size compared to any other mainland and insular site sampled for this species.In contrast, insular and mainland forms ofO. longicaudatusdid not show significant differences in cranial morphology. Conclusions We suggest that the patterns of morphological variation observed in these two small rodents along Patagonia, could be explained in terms of the historical biogeography of the region, and the different ecological features of the studied species.

Background: The WHO 2016 classification of diffuse gliomas has incorporated molecular markers isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutations (IDHmut) and codeletion of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q (1p/19q codeletion) as tumor defining entities. The diagnosis of diffuse oligodendrogliomas (ODG) and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) mandatorily requires the demonstration of IDH1 and/or IDH2 mutations along with 1p/19q codeletion, whereas the 1p/19q noncodeleted diffuse gliomas are labeled as astrocytomas. The current methodologies for assessing 1p/19q codeletion status are expensive and not widely available. Studies have proposed alpha internexin (INA) expression on immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a surrogate marker for 1p/19q codeletion and a good prognostic marker in gliomas. Materials and Methods: In this study, we performed IHC for INA expression on the retrospective cohort of anaplastic gliomas (AGs) from our previously published study. Results: INA positivity on IHC showed a significant positive correlation with 1p/19q codeletion (P < 0.001) with a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (Rho) of 0.804, sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 93.0%, and a diagnostic odds ratio of 93:1 in AGs. Similar to the 1p/19q codeletion status, INA positivity showed a positive correlation with IDHmut (P = 0.002) and a negative correlation with -thalassemia mental retardation X-linked protein (ATRX) loss of expression (P < 0.001). On univariate survival analysis, INA positivity was associated with significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) and recurrent free survival (RFS) in AGs (P < 0.001). Furthermore, within AO, INA positivity significantly improved RFS (P = 0.022) with OS trending towards significance (P = 0.094). Conclusions: INA expression on IHC could serve as a potential surrogate marker for 1p/19q, and highlights its prognostic value in AO and AGs.