Anti-INA monoclonal antibody, clone ID2

In view of the established climate change scenario and the consequent changes in global temperature, it is essential to study its effects on animal spermatogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the duration of spermatogenesis at different temperatures. For this purpose, 96 male and adult specimens ofAstyanax altiparanaewere kept in a closed circulation system with water temperature stabilized at 27 degrees C and 32 degrees C. Subsequently, the specimens received pulses of BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) at a concentration of 100 mg/kg/day for 2 consecutive days, and the samples were collected daily for a period of 15 days. Their testes were removed, fixed, processed in historesin, and sectioned in 3 mu m, submitted to hematoxylin/eosin staining and to bromodeoxyuridine immunodetection. Partial results of the optimum temperature experiments allowed the classification ofA. altiparanaespermatogenic cells in A(und), A(diff), and type B spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa. The duration of spermatogenesis was determined as approximately 6 days for animals at a temperature of 27 degrees C and 1 day for animals at 32 degrees C. The elevated temperature was also responsible for increasing cell proliferation, resulting in an increase in the number of spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa, and cell death (cell pyknotic). The duration of spermatogenesis inA. altiparanaewas directly affected by the elevated water temperature, causing a reduction in the estimated time of spermatogenesis.

In this study, we sequenced two complete mitochondrial genomes ofAmblyomma ovale, a tick of public health importance. Sequencing two distinct individuals, the resulting mitochondrial genomes were 14,756 and 14,760 bp in length and maintained the same gene order previously reported inAmblyomma. These were combined with RNA-seq derived mitochondrial sequences from three additional species,Amblyomma aureolatum,Amblyomma maculatum, andAmblyomma moreliae, to carry out mitogenome comparative and evolutionary analyses against all previously published tick mitochondrial genomes. We described a derivative genome rearrangement that isolatesIxodesfrom the remaining Ixodidae and consists of both a reverse translocation as well as an event of Tandem Duplication Random Loss. Genetic distance analyses indicated thatcox2,nd1,nd5, and16Sare good candidates for future population studies inA. ovale. The phylogenetic analyses corroborated the utility of complete mitochondrial genomes as phylogenetic markers within the group. This study further supplements the genome information available forAmblyommaand facilitates future evolutionary and population genetic studies within the genus.