Mouse anti-Human Synaptophysin Monoclonal antibody, clone TZQ03

A Gram-staining-negative, yellow-pigmented strain, designated SYP-B804(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Panax notoginseng. The strain was rod-shaped with a single polar flagellum. The optimum temperature and pH required for growth of the strain were 28-32 degrees C and pH 7-8, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain SYP-B804(T) showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Luteimonas mephitis DSM 12574(T) (98.0 %). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness value between them (38.1 +/- 0.6 %) was less than the threshold value for the delineation of genomic species. Ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) was the predominant quinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C-15 : 0 and iso-C-17 : 1 omega 9c. The major polar lipids of the strain were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics, strain SYP-B804T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas notoginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with SYP-B804(T) (=KCTC 42211(T)=JCM 30329(T)) as the type strain.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine (a) the baseline sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani to thifluzamide and (b) the risk of the fungus developing resistance to the fungicide. Thifluzamide sensitivity was assessed for 227 isolates of R. solani collected from 12 provinces of China from 2007 to 2011. One insensitive isolate GD-1 was obtained from the field, and the EC50 values of the 226 sensitive isolates had a unimodal frequency distribution with a mean of 0.0351 mu g mL(-1). Nine resistant mutants were generated using thifluzamide-amendedmedia or UV radiation in the laboratory. The resistance was stable for all mutants after 10 transfers on PDA medium. Fitness of the most resistant mutants was lower than that of the sensitive isolates, implying a lower competitiveness of the mutants relative to sensitive isolates in field. Cross-resistance was detected between thifluzamide and the Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) fenfuram, carboxin, penflufen and boscalid, but not between thifluzamide and difenoconazole, carbendazim, propiconazol, SYP-2815 (quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide developed in China), fluazinam, jinggangmycin, pyrimorph or mepronil. The SDHI fungicide fluopyram did not inhibit R. solani. Taken together, these results suggest that the risk of R. solani developing resistance to thifluzamide is low to moderate.