The immunoglobulin light chain is the small polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). A typical antibody is composed of two immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains and two Ig light chains. There are two types of light chain in humans (as in other mammals), kappa (κ) chain and lambda (λ) chain. Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes, each expressing only one class of light chain. Once set, light chain class remains fixed for the life of the B lymphocyte. In a healthy individual, the total kappa to lambda ratio is roughly 2:1 in serum (measuring intact whole antibodies) or 1:1.5 if measuring free light chains, with a highly divergent ratio indicative of neoplasm.
Pathway
Adaptive Immune System; Classical antibody-mediated complement activation; Complement cascade; Creation of C4 and C2 activators; Immune System; Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell; Initial triggering of complement; Inn
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