EGFR/PPAR delta/HSP90 pathway mediates cancer cell metabolism and chemoresistance
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
Authors: Gou, Qian; Zhang, Wenbo; Xu, Ying; Jin, Jianhua; Liu, Qian; Hou, Yongzhong; Shi, Juanjuan
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induces peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPAR delta)-Y108 phosphorylation, while it is unclear the effect of phosphorylation of PPAR delta on cancer cell metabolism. Here we found that EGF treatment increased its protein stability by inhibiting its lysosomal dependent degradation, which was reduced by gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor) treatment. PPAR delta-Y108 phosphorylation in response to EGF recruited HSP90 (heat shock protein 90) to PPAR delta resulting in increased PPAR delta stability. In addition, PPAR delta-Y108 phosphorylation promoted cancer cell metabolism, proliferation, and chemoresistance. Therefore, this study revealed a novel molecular mechanism of EGFR/HSP90/PPAR delta pathway-mediated cancer cell metabolism, proliferation, and chemoresistance, which provides a strategy for cancer treatment.
Heat shock protein 90 modulates cutaneous vasodilation during an exercise-heat stress, but not during passive whole-body heating in young women
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
Authors: McGarr, Gregory W.; Fujii, Naoto; Schmidt, Madison D.; Muia, Caroline M.; Kenny, Glen P.
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) modulates exercise-induced cutaneous vasodilation in young men via nitric oxide synthase (NOS), but only when core temperature is elevated similar to 1.0 degrees C. While less is known about modulation of this heat loss response in women during exercise, sex differences may exist. Further, the mechanisms regulating cutaneous vasodilation can differ between exercise- and passive-heat stress. Therefore, in 11 young women (23 +/- 3 years), we evaluated whether HSP90 contributes to NOS-dependent cutaneous vasodilation during exercise (Protocol 1) and passive heating (Protocol 2) and directly compared responses between end-exercise and a matched core temperature elevation during passive heating. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC%max) was measured at four forearm skin sites continuously treated with (a) lactated Ringers solution (control), (b) 178 mu M Geldanamycin (HSP90 inhibitor), (c) 10 mM L-NAME (NOS inhibitor), or (d) combined 178 mu M Geldanamycin and 10 mM L-NAME. Participants completed both protocols during the early follicular (low hormone) phase of the menstrual cycle (0-7 days). Protocol 1: participants rested in the heat (35 degrees C) for 70 min and then performed 50 min of moderate-intensity cycling (similar to 55% VO2peak) followed by 30 min of recovery. Protocol 2: participants were passively heated to increase rectal temperature by 1.0 degrees C, comparable to end-exercise. HSP90 inhibition attenuated CVC(%max)r elative to control at end-exercise (p < .05), but not during passive heating. While NOS inhibition and combined HSP90 + NOS inhibition attenuated CVC%max relative to control for both protocols (all p < .05), they did not differ from each other. We show that HSP90 modulates cutaneous vasodilation NOS-dependently during exercise in young women, with no effect during passive heating, despite a similar NOS contribution.