GENE-MAPPING OF NMDA RECEPTORS AND METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS IN THE RAT (RATTUS-NORVEGICUS)
GENOMICS
Authors: KURAMOTO, T; MAIHARA, T; MASU, M; NAKANISHI, S; SERIKAWA, T
Abstract
Five N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit genes and six metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype genes have been assigned to particular rat chromosomes by using a rat X mouse somatic cell hybrid clone panel. N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit genes (gene symbol, GRIN) GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, and GRIN2D have been assigned to chromosomes (Chr) 3, 10, 4, 10, and 1, respectively. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype genes (gene symbol, GRM) GRM1, GRM2, GRM3, GRM4, GRM5, and GRM6 have been assigned to Chr 1, 8, 4, 20, 1, and 10, respectively. In addition, GRIN2A and GRM6 loci were successfully localized on Chr 10 linkage maps by linkage analyses. The genetic distances between loci in cM (+/-SD) are as follows: GRIN2A-28.6(+/-7.0)-RR24-23.3(+/-6.4)-MYHSE, from a linkage analysis using the (SHR X WTC)F-1 X WTC cross, and RR24-4.2(+/-2.9)-GR1M64.2(+/-2.9)-MYHSE-2.1(+/-2.1)-ASGR, SHBG-27.1 (+/-6.4)-PPY, from a linkage analysis using the (ZI x TM)F-1 X 21 cross. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Mutations in GPR179 Leading to Autosomal-Recessive Complete Congenital Stationary Night Blindness
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
Authors: Audo, Isabelle; Bujakowska, Kinga; Orhan, Elise; Poloschek, Charlotte M.; Defoort-Dhellemmes, Sabine; Drumare, Isabelle; Kohl, Susanne; Luu, Tien D.; Lecompte, Odile; Zrenner, Eberhart; Lancelot, Marie-Elise; Antonio, Aline; Germain, Aurore; Michiels, Christelle; Audier, Claire; Letexier, Melanie; Saraiva, Jean-Paul; Leroy, Bart P.; Munier, Francis L.; Mohand-Said, Saddek; Lorenz, Birgit; Friedburg, Christoph; Preising, Markus; Kellner, Ulrich; Renner, Agnes B.; Moskova-Doumanova, Veselina; Berger, Wolfgang; Wissinger, Bernd; Hamel, Christian R.; Schorderet, Daniel F.; De Baere, Elfride; Sharon, Dror; Banin, Eyal; Jacobson, Samuel G.; Bonneau, Dominique; Zanlonghi, Xavier; Le Meur, Guylene; Casteels, Ingele; Koenekoop, Robert; Long, Vernon W.; Meire, Francoise; Prescott, Katrina; de Ravel, Thomy; Simmons, Ian; Nguyen, Hoan; Dollfus, Helene; Poch, Olivier; Leveillard, Thierry; Nguyen-Ba-Charvet, Kim; Sahel, Jose-Alain; Bhattacharya, Shomi S.; Zeitz, Christina
Abstract
Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is a heterogeneous retinal disorder characterized by visual impairment under low light conditions. This disorder is due to a signal transmission defect from rod photoreceptors to adjacent bipolar cells in the retina. Two forms can be distinguished clinically, complete CSNB (cCSNB) or incomplete CSNB; the two forms are distinguished on the basis of the affected signaling pathway Mutations in NYX, GRM6, and TRPM1, expressed in the outer plexiform layer (Oft) lead to disruption of the ON-bipolar cell response and have been seen in patients with cCSNB. Whole-exome sequencing in cCSNB patients lacking mutations in the known genes led to the identification of a homozygous missense mutation (c.1.807C>T [p.His603Tyr]) in one consanguineous autosomal-recessive cCSNB family and a homozygous frameshift mutation in GPR179 (c.278delC [p.Pro93Glnfs*57]) in a simplex male cCSNB patient. Additional screening with Sanger sequencing of 40 patients identified three other cCSNB patients harboring additional allelic mutations in GPR179. Although, immunhistological studies revealed Gpr179 in the OM in wild-type mouse retina, Gpr179 did not colocalize with specific ON-bipolar markers. Interestingly, Gpr179 was highly concentrated in horizontal cells and Muller cell endfeet. The involvement of these cells in cCSNB and the specific function of GPR179 remain to be elucidated.
COA
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