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Si-MCM-41 molecular sieves are attractive for use as catalytic supports in reforming processes, requiring the development of catalysts that combine low cost, high activity and resistance to coking for viable conversion of biogas (CH4 + CO2) into higher added value products such as synthesis gas (H-2 + CO). In this work was synthesized Si-MCM-41 from a waste material (rice husk ash - RHA) and compared with Si-MCM-41 synthesized from a commercial silica source (tetraethylorthosilicate - TEOS). Both were evaluated as catalytic support in dry reforming of methane (DRM). Calcined Si-MCM-41 supports were wet impregnated with 10, 20 and 50% of nickel. DRM reactions were performed in a continuous flow tubular reactor using a 1:1 CH4:CO2 molar mixture, at 700 and 800 degrees C, and WHSV of 30 L.h(-1)gcat(-1). The results confirmed that the Si-MCM-41 structure was successfully synthesized by the different methods. The best DRM results were obtained with the 20%Ni/Si-MCM-41_TEOS catalyst. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In the present study, we investigated the involvement of Aeromonas spp. in eliciting disease outbreaks in freshwater ornamental fishes across the state of Kerala, India. We investigated three incidences of disease, in which the moribund fishes exhibited clinical signs such as haemorrhagic septicemia (in gouramy, Trichogaster sp.), dropsy (in Oscar, Astronotus ocellatus) and tail rot/fin rot (in gold fish, Carassius carassius). Pure cultures (n = 20 from each fish; 60 in total) of Aeromonas spp. were recovered from the abdominal fluid as well as from internal organs of affected fishes, although they could not be identified to species level because of the variations in their phenotypic characters. The molecular fingerprinting of the isolates using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR proved the genetic diversity of the isolates from the three sites. The phylogenetic trees constructed using concatenated sequences (using 16S rRNA, gyrA, gyrB and rpoD genes) indicated that they were related to Aeromonas veronii. They exhibited marked cytotoxic and haemolytic activity, which were responsible for the pathogenic potential of the isolates. The isolates possessed multiple virulence genes such as enterotoxins (act and alt), haemolytic toxins (aerA and hlyA), genes involved in type III secretion system (ascV, aexT and ascF-ascG), glycerophospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase (gcat) and a type IV pilus (tapA) gene, as determined by PCR. Virulence of representative isolates to goldfish was also tested, and we found LD50 values of 10(4.07)-10(5.35) cfu/fish. Furthermore, the organisms could be recovered as pure cultures from the lesions as well as from the internal organs.