Anti-FOS (internal region) polyclonal antibody

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous proteins that are functional mediators in both normal and stressed states of the cell. In this study, we performed heat stress (37 degrees C) experiments on turbot kidney (TK) cells. Heat stress expression patterns ofHSP90, as well as the expression and phosphorylation levels of extracellular-regulated signal kinases (ERKs) and the transcription factorHSF1andc-Fos, were examined. The results show that heat stress activates ERK1/2 and HSF1, and inducesHSP90gene expression in TK cells. Inhibition of ERK activation attenuates heat stress-inducedHSP90gene expression. The double luciferase reporter gene experiment showed that HSF1 is an important transcription factor for heat-inducedHSP90gene expression. Likewise, c-Fos does not directly regulate the heat-induced expression ofHSP90in turbot kidney cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a signaling pathway that regulates the heat shock response in turbot cells. Our results may facilitate an understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the cellular stress response in marine fish.

Alcohol abuse and dependence are world-wide health problems. Most research on alcohol use focuses on the consequences of moderate to high levels of alcohol. However, even at low concentrations, alcohol is capable of producing effects in the brain that can ultimately affect behavior. The current studies seek to understand the effects of low-dose alcohol (blood alcohol levels of <= 10mM). To do so, these experiments utilize a combination of behavioral and molecular techniques to (1) assess the ability of the interoceptive effects of a low dose of alcohol to gain control over goal-tracking behavior in a Pavlovian discrimination task, (2) determine brain regional differences in cellular activity via expression of immediate early genes (IEGs), and (3) assess the role of the dentate gyrus in modulating sensitivity to the interoceptive effects of a low dose of alcohol. Here, we show that intragastric administration of a dose of 0.8 g/kg alcohol produces blood alcohol levels <= 10mM in both male and female Long-Evans rats and can readily be trained as a Pavlovian interoceptive drug cue. In rats trained on this procedure, this dose of alcohol also modulates expression of the IEGs c-Fos and Arc in brain regions known to modulate expression of alcohol interoceptive effects. Finally, pharmacological inactivation of the dentate gyrus with GABA agonists baclofen and muscimol disrupted the ability of a low dose of alcohol to serve as an interoceptive cue. Together, these findings demonstrate behavioral and molecular consequences of low-dose alcohol.