Anti-FOS monoclonal antibody, clone 5F22

The aim of this study was to analyze the potential of Buton forest onion extract (BFOE) Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. as a prebiotic and an antioxidant. Buton forest onion was extracted using 96% ethanol by maceration method. The prebiotic content of BFOE was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ability of BFOE as a prebiotic was analyzed the growth of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 1Ub and Bacillus sp. NP5.and its resistance to artificial gastric acid and alpha-amylase. Antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH). Results indicate that the content of the oligosaccharides of BFOE including inulins, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and raffinoses was 2.1%, 10%, 1% and 7.5%, respectively. The mixed oligosaccharides were found capable to stimulate the growth of P. piscicida 1Ub and Bacillus sp. NP5. The optimum BFOE concentration to stimulate the growth of probiotics was 1.25 mg/mL (0.17 +/- 0.02 and 0.21 +/- 0.00). The mixed oligosaccharides were also resistant to hydrolysis of artificial gastrice acid and alpha-amylase, with maximum hydrolysis percentages of 8.25 +/- 0.25% and 27.52 +/- 1.68%, respectively. The BFOE was capable to DPPH radical scavenge with IC50 of 1.48 mu g/mL. The BFOE of this study has the potential to be a prebiotic and an antioxidant.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (AD), called Miseon, is one of Korea's monotypic endemic species. As a folk remedy, the AD has been used to treat inflammatory disease, stomachaches, diarrhea, and gynecologic disease in Korea. Some researchers have reported that the AD has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. But the protective effect of AD leaf for osteoporosis has not been reported yet. Aim of the study: This study aimed to analyze the effects and mechanism of AD-ethyl acetate fraction (EA) extract on the osteoporosis, one of the gynecologic disease. Materials and methods: The RAW 264.7 cells were used as a model for RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We measured the TRAcP activity, expressions of NFATc1, c-fos, and MAPK to investigate the effect of AD-EA. OVX-induced osteoporosis rat model was used as menopausal osteoporosis. After both ovaries were removed through a surgical procedure, and AD-EA or 17b-estradiol was orally administered for 8 weeks. BMD of femurs was measured as well as the bone morphometric parameter, such as BV/TV, trabecular thickness, number and surface using a micro CT. Results: AD-EA significantly inhibited TRAcP activity, actin ring formation, pit formation and the expressions of osteoclast-related genes in a dose-dependent manner through the inhibition of the MAPK and c-fos/NFATc1 pathway. In addition, low dose administration of AD-EA improved the deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture caused by OVX through the inhibition of bone resorption by TRAcP and CTK. Conclusions: These results suggest that AD-EA may contribute to the therapy of osteoporosis caused by menopause in women.