Anti-Cryptosporidium Monoclonal antibody, Clone CFM 0237

This paper revisits the fundamental cryptographic problem of building pseudorandom functions (PRFs) from pseudorandom permutations (PRPs). We prove that, SUMPIP, i.e. P circle plus P-1, the sum of a PRP and its inverse, and EDMDSP, the single-permutation variant of the dual of the Encrypted Davies-Meyer scheme introduced by Mennink and Neves (CRYPTO 2017), are secure PRFs up to 22n/3/n adversarial queries. To our best knowledge, SUMPIP is the first parallelizable, single-permutation-based, domain-preserving, beyond-birthday secure PRP-to-PRF conversion method.

Operation Rubicon was probably one of the most successful intelligence operations of our time. Recent press revelations detail this secret partnership between the German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) and the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), focused on the purchase and control of Crypto AG. Supported by German technical giants like Siemens, the company sold and produced compromised cypher machines. This article challenges the idea that the dominant sigint powers were within the Anglosphere during the Cold War. Instead suggesting Rubicon evidences that the centre of gravity for intelligence lay 'elsewhere'. It also explores the complex ethical implications of Germany's involvement in Rubicon.