Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, clone n5e

In this paper, we incorporate the Beddington-DeAngelis incidence rate to a continuous-time HIV infection model with cure rate and a full logistic proliferation rate of CD4(+) T cells in both uninfected and infected cells. Equilibria and their local stability analysis are discussed. It is shown that the HIV-free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable if R-0 < 1 and unstable if R-0 >= 1, where R-0 is the basic reproduction number. Whereas, the HIV equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable if R-0 > 1. Anonstandard finite difference method is applied to the continuous model to obtain its discrete counterpart. The scheme applied preserves the main features of the continuous model such as positivity, boundedness of the solutions, equilibria and their local stability. Moreover, an optimal control strategy is applied to the discrete-time model in order to reduce the number of infected cells as well as the number of free HIV particles. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical analysis obtained.

Background Information about the impact of HIV coinfection on clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients remains limited. Methods Maximum body temperatures, fever duration, chest CT and viral shedding, lymphocyte counts, and titer of SARS-CoV-2 antibody were compared between COVID-19 patients with and without HIV infection in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 20th to February 14th, 2020. Results Compared with 53 COVID-19 patients without HIV infection, the patients with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV coinfection had higher maximum body temperatures (38.7 degrees C vs 37.6 degrees C, P = 0.044), longer duration of fever (8.7 +/- 4.5 vs 4.2 +/- 2.1 days, P = 0.038), longer time to have improvement of chest CT images (22 vs 15 days from the onset of illness, P = 0.011), lower level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG (5.11 +/- 32.33 vs 37.45 +/- 15.48 AU/ml, P = 0.042). However, no statistically significant difference of duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding in the two groups was found (12.3 +/- 2.6 vs 13.4 +/- 2.4 days, , P = 0.813). Conclusion Lower level of CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts caused by HIV infection itself might be one of reasons for relatively weak ability to produce SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. The effects of anti-HIV drugs in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 appears to be limited.