Anti-CCL3 (aa 24-92) polyclonal antibody

The innate immune mechanisms by which adjuvants enhance the potency and protection of vaccine remain at cellular level, but the molecular mechanisms, especially in vivo, are ill-identified. Actinidia eriantha polysaccharide (AEPS) is a potent adjuvant with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity, while Alum elicits a strict Th2 response. The current experiments were designed to compare the innate immune responses in the peritoneal cavity of mice induced by two adjuvants and explore their molecular mechanisms using gene expression microarray including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). AEPS induced the recruitment of monocytes, neutrophils and dendritic cells. However, Alum recruited neutrophils and eosinophils. AEPS and Alum specifically induced the differential expression of 546 and 922 genes in peritoneal cells, respectively. AEPS induced higher mRNA expression of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL10, IL-12 beta, and IL-23 alpha in immune effector process, while Alum tended to Th17 response mRNAs such as IL-7A, IL-17F and IL-17RA. Furthermore, a robust adjuvant-specific expression pattern of lncRNAs was found in above mentioned biological processes, suggesting the involvement of lncRNAs in immune responses induced by AEPS and Alum. This study led to a better understanding of different molecular mechanisms of adjuvants and benefited the rational design of effective vaccines. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the BRAF V600E gene mutation and the RET/PTC gene rearrangement in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in 50 patients from Inner Mongolia. Material/Methods: Clinical data, blood, and tissue samples were obtained from 50 patients with PTC and ten patients with benign thyroid adenoma. Expression of BRAF V600E, RET/PTC, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNE)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGE)-1 beta, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, and CCL3 were measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Of the 50 patients with PTC, 37 patients expressed the BRAFV600E gene mutation, eight patients expressed RET/PTC, and five patients showed concomitant BRAFV600E and RET/PTC. Time to recurrence for patients with PTC with BRAFV600E was significantly increased compared with patients with concomitant BRAFV600E mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement (P<0.05). Expression of BRAF V600E, RET/PTC, and concomitant expression of BRAFV600E and RET/PTC were significantly associated with patient age and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Serum levels of NE-kappa B, IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGE-beta and CCL3, and tumor tissue levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGE-beta, CXCL2 and CCL2 in patients with PTC were significantly increased compared with patients with benign thyroid adenoma, before and after surgery (P<0.05). Conclusions: Expression of the BRAFV600E mutation and RET/PTC translocation promoted the activity of NE-KB, expression of inflammatory mediators, and lymph node metastases in patients with PTC.