Hydrogen as the fuel of the future in aircrafts - Challenges and opportunities
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
Authors: Prewitz, Marc; Bardenhagen, Andreas; Beck, Ramon
Abstract
The use of hydrogen as a fuel in civil aviation depends largely on the mass of the tank system. A key parameter for the evaluation of mass development is the gravimetric storage density. With the goal of gaining a maximum equal operating empty weight (OEW), the resulting total mass of hydrogen (fuel) and structural mass must be at most equal to the current total tank mass. The minimum gravimetric storage density required for this is determined in this paper. The passenger aircraft ATR 72-212A, which was developed for short-range operation, serves as a reference. For the first calculation, the assumption is made that the efficiencies of the propulsion systems do not change after the storage, and the other necessary systems have an equivalent mass. For a flight range of 715NM, which corresponds to the design range, a gravimetric storage density of 19 wt% is already sufficient to cover the flight distance and to load the maximum payload. In order to avoid increased OEW, a storage density in the range of 33-35 wt% is necessary. (C) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Spatial distribution, structural characterization and weathering of tarmats along the west coast of Qatar
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
Authors: Veerasingam, S.; Al-Khayat, Jassim A.; Haseeba, K. P.; Aboobacker, V. M.; Hamza, Shafeeq; Vethamony, P.
Abstract
Oil pollution resulting from natural and anthropogenic activities in the Arabian Gulf as well as oil residue in the form of tarmat (TM) deposited on the coast is a major environmental concern. The spatial distribution, chemical composition and weathering pattern of tarmat along the west coast of Qatar has been assessed based on the TM samples collected from 12 coastal regions. The range of TM distribution is 0-104 g m-1 with an average value of 9.25 g m(-1). Though the current TM level is thirty-fold lesser than that was found during 1993-1997 (average 290 g m(-1)), the distribution pattern is similar. The results of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy indicate that aromatic compounds are higher in the north (N) coast TMs than those found in the northwest (NW) and southwest (SW) coasts, and Carbonyl Index values indicate that TM of NW coast is highly weathered compared to those found in the N and SW coasts.