Anti-ATF5 (C-terminal) polyclonal antibody

Mitochondrial stress activates a mitonuclear response to safeguard and repair mitochondrial function and to adapt cellular metabolism to stress. Using a multiomics approach in mammalian cells treated with four types of mitochondrial stressors, we identify activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) as the main regulator of the stress response. Surprisingly, canonical mitochondrial unfolded protein response genes mediated by ATF5 are not activated. Instead, ATF4 activates the expression of cytoprotective genes, which reprogram cellular metabolism through activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). Mitochondrial stress promotes a local proteostatic response by reducing mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, inhibiting mitochondrial translation, and coupling the activation of the ISR with the attenuation of mitochondrial function. Through a trans-expression quantitative trait locus analysis, we provide genetic evidence supporting a role for Fh1 in the control of Atf4 expression in mammals. Using gene expression data from mice and humans with mitochondrial diseases, we show that the ATF4 pathway is activated in vivo upon mitochondrial stress. Our data illustrate the value of a multiomics approach to characterize complex cellular networks and provide a versatile resource to identify new regulators of mitochondrial-related diseases.

Wnt signaling directs cell-fate choices during embryonic development and tissue tumorigenesis. T cell factor 4 (TCF4) plays a pivotal role in the Wnt signaling pathway. We demonstrate that a specific protein-protein interaction occurs between TCF4 and ATF5 (activating transcription factor 5) -a new member of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) with the yeast two-hybrid system. The N-terminal and DNA binding domain of TCF4 (TCF4ND, 1-495 aa) and the C-terminal spanning bZIP domain of ATF5 (162-282 aa) were found to be responsible for the interaction, and the C-terminal of ATF5 (ATF5/C) showed a much stronger interaction with TCF4ND than the full-length of ATF5 by detecting the P-gal activity. Furthermore, overexpression of ATF5/C enhanced transcriptional activation by TCF4 proteins in luciferase assay by transient transfection. Taken together, these data suggest that ATF5 may function as a co-activator to potentiate the ability of TCF4 to activate transcription.