Amitriptyline [BSA]

Herein, we have shown the mixed micelle formation between anionic benzene sulphonate (viz., sodium 4,4'-(16,25-dioxo-15,17,24,26-tetraaza-hexatriacontane15,26-diyl) dibenzenesulphonate[BSC14-C6-14CSB] and sodium 4,4'-(18,27-dioxo-17,19,26,28-tetraaza-tetracontane15,26-diyl) dibenzenesulphonate [BSC16-C6-16CSB]) with conventional anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate [SDS]) by conductivity and fluorometry methods. The conductivity measurements were done over a range of mole fractions of SDS at different temperatures to study the mixed micellization and thermodynamic parameters, while fluorescence measurements were performed over entire range of mole fraction of SDS in order to observe the aggregation and micro-polarity. The conductometric study confirms the synergism in all mole fractions of SDS with [BSC14-C6-14CSB] and [BSC16-C6-16CSB] at all temperatures. The Rubinghs regular solution theory (RST) was employed to evaluate micellar mole fraction, X-1, ideal micellar mole fraction, X-ideal, interaction parameter (beta), activity coefficients (f(1) and f(2)) for both mixed micelles systems and Gibbs excess free energy (G(E)). The G(E) values are negative for entire mole fraction range suggesting the formation of stable mixed micelles. In addition to this, other thermodynamic parameters like Gibbs free energy change of micellization (Delta G(mic)), enthalpy change of micellization (Delta H-mic) and entropy change of micellization (Delta S-mic) were evaluated. Also, the aggregation number (N-agg) in micelles was calculated using pyrene probe fluorescence measurement. The binding constant, dielectric constant and micropolarity of mixed systems of SDS + [BSC14-C6-14CSB] and SDS + [BSC16-C6-16CSB] binary mixtures were obtained from the ratio of peak strength (I-1/I-3) from the pyrene probe fluorescence emission spectra. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.

INTRODUCTION: Gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) or wireless motility capsules (WMCs) can evaluate upper gastrointestinal symptoms in suspected gastroparesis; WMC tests can also investigate lower gut symptoms. We aimed to determine whether these tests impact treatment plans and needs for additional diagnostic evaluation. METHODS: In a prospective, multicenter study, 150 patients with gastroparesis symptoms simultaneously underwent GES and WMC testing. Based on these results, investigators devised management plans to recommend changes in medications, diet, and surgical therapies and order additional diagnostic tests. RESULTS: Treatment changes were recommended more often based on the WMC vs GES results (68% vs 48%) (P< 0.0001). Ordering of additional test(s) was eliminated more often with WMC vs GES (71% vs 31%) (P< 0.0001). Prokinetics (P = 0.0007) and laxatives (P< 0.0001) were recommended more often based on the WMC vs GES results. Recommendations for prokinetics and gastroparesis diets were higher and neuromodulators lower in subjects with delayed emptying on both tests (all P <= 0.0006). Laxatives and additional motility tests were ordered more frequently for delayed compared with normal WMC colonic transit (P <= 0.02). Multiple motility tests were ordered more often on the basis of GES vs WMC findings (P <= 0.004). Antidumping diets and transit slowing medications were more commonly recommended for rapid WMC gastric emptying (P <= 0.03). DISCUSSION: WMC transit results promote medication changes and eliminate additional diagnostic testing more often than GES because of greater detection of delayed gastric emptying and profiling the entire gastrointestinal tract in patients with gastroparesis symptoms. TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT: Gastric scintigraphy and WMCs have differential impact on management decisions in suspected gastroparesis.