We recommend the following antibodies for sandwich ELISA:
(Capture - Detection): CABT-CS264 - CABT-CS265
Target
Alternative Names
Senecavirus A;SVA;Seneca Valley virus;Senecavirus
Citations
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Background
Senecavirus A (SVA), also known as Seneca Valley virus, is a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family. Originally identified as a contaminant in cell cultures, SVA gained attention in recent years as an emerging pathogen in swine. Initially, it was primarily associated with sporadic cases of vesicular disease (VD) in pigs, resembling foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and other vesicular diseases. The economic impact of SVA outbreaks in the swine industry can be significant, primarily due to trade restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of vesicular diseases. However, compared to FMD, SVA has a lower morbidity and mortality rate, and most affected animals recover spontaneously without severe clinical consequences.
SVA infections have been reported in the United States, Canada, Europe, South America, and other parts of the world. The transmission of picornaviruses, including SVA, occurs rapidly within host cells. The clinical signs of SVA infection in swine include fever, lethargy, lameness, and the development of vesicles that rupture, leaving ulcerated lesions on the skin. These clinical manifestations can be indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases, posing challenges for diagnosis based solely on clinical observation.
SVA can be grown in human retinoblast and lung cancer cells, resulting in high virus titers. It replicates effectively in certain tumor cells with neuroendocrine properties, while sparing normal adult human cells. Various diagnostic methods are used for studying and diagnosing SVA, including electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies have been developed to improve the speed and sensitivity of immunoassays for SVA diagnosis, leading to the successful creation of a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for specific detection of anti-SVA antibodies.
Alternative Names
Mouse anti-SVA monoclonal antibody Mouse anti-Seneca Valley virus monoclonal antibody
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References
Comprehensive review on immunopathogenesis, diagnostic and epidemiology of Senecavirus A
Senecavirus A (SVA), formerly known as Seneca Valley virus, is a single-strand, positive-sense RNA virus in the family Picornaviridae. This virus has been associated with recent outbreaks of vesicular disease (SVA-VD) and epidemic transient neonatal losses (ETNL) in several swine-producing countries. The clinical manifestation of and lesion caused by SVA are indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases. Pathogenicity studies indicate that SVA could regulate the host innate immune response to facilitate virus replication and the spread of the virus to bystander cells. SVA infection can induce specific humoral and cellular responses that can be detected within the first week of infection. However, SVA seems to produce persistent infection, and the virus can be shed in oral fluids for a month and detected in tissues for approximately two months after experimental infection. SVA transmission could be horizontal or vertical in infected herds of swine, while positive animals can also remain subclinical. In addition, mice seem to act as reservoirs, and the virus can persist in feed and feed ingredients, increasing the risk of introduction into na?ve farms. Besides the pathological effects in swine, SVA possesses cytolytic activity, especially in neoplastic cells. Thus, SVA has been evaluated in phase II clinical trials as a virotherapy for neuroendocrine tumors. The goal of this review is summarize the current SVA-related research in pathogenesis, immunity, epidemiology and advances in diagnosis as well as discuses current challenges with subclinical/persistent presentation.
Senecavirus A: An Emerging Pathogen Causing Vesicular Disease and Mortality in Pigs?
Veterinary pathology
Authors: Segalés, J., Barcellos, D., Alfieri, A., Burrough, E., Marthaler, D.
Senecavirus A (SVA) is the only member of the genus Senecavirus within the family Picornaviridae. This virus was discovered as a serendipitous finding in 2002 (and named Seneca Valley virus 001 [SVV-001]) while cultivating viral vectors in cell culture and has been proposed for use as an oncolytic virus to treat different types of human neoplasia. SVA was found in lesions in pigs affected by porcine idiopathic vesicular disease in Canada and the USA in 2008 and 2012, respectively. In 2014 and 2015, SVA infection was associated with outbreaks of vesicular disease in sows as well as neonatal pig mortality in Brazil and the USA. Phylogenetic analysis of the SVA VP1 indicates the existence of 3 clades of the virus. Clade I contains the historical strain SVV-001, clade II contains USA SVA strains identified between 1988 and 1997, and clade III contains global SVA strains from Brazil, Canada, China, and the USA identified between 2001 and 2015. The aim of this review is to draw the attention of veterinarians and researchers to a recently described infectious clinical-pathologic condition caused by a previously known agent (SVA). Apart from the intrinsic interest in a novel virus infecting pigs and causing economic losses, the major current concern is the similarity of the clinical picture to that of other swine diseases, because one of them—foot and mouth disease—is a World Organization for Animal Health–listed disease. Because the potential association of SVA with disease is rather new, there are still many questions to be resolved.
COA
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