Folic Acid [BSA]

Name: Folic Acid [BSA]
SKU: DAG2991
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

Folic Acid, BSA-Conjugated, synthetic

COA

SDS

Datasheet

Summary

Product Overview

Folic Acid, BSA-Conjugated

Target

Folic acid

Nature

Synthetic

Tag/Conjugate

BSA

Format

Liquid

Buffer

Supplied in 15 mM KPO4, 0.85% NaCl, pH 7.2

Preservative

0.01% Sodium Azide

Storage

2-8°C short term, -20°C long term

Introduction

Folic acid and Folate (the anion form) are forms of a water-soluble B vitamin. These occur naturally in food and can also be taken as supplements. The biologically active form of folic acid is tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA), which is derived by the 2-step reduction of folate involving dihydrofolate reductase. THFA plays a key role in the transfer of 1-carbon units (such as methyl, methylene, and formyl groups) to the essential substrates involved in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. More specifically, THFA is involved with the enzymatic reactions necessary to synthesis of purines, thymidine, and amino acids. Manifestations of folate deficiency thereafter, not surprisingly, would involve impairment of cell division, accumulation of possibly toxic metabolites such as homocysteine, and impairment of methylation reactions involved in the regulation of gene expression, thus increasing neoplastic risks. Folate is necessary for the production and maintenance of new cells. This is especially important during periods of rapid cell division and growth such as infancy and pregnancy when a deficiency can result in neural tube defects. In folate deficiency the bone marrow is affected as it is a site of rapid cell turnover. Large red blood cells called megaloblasts are produced, resulting in megaloblastic anemia.

Keywords

5 Methyl THFA; 5 Methyltetrahydrofolate; Folate; Tetrahydrofolate; Tetrahydrofolic acid; THFA

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Documents

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References

Enzymatic synthesis of PEGylated lactide-diester-diol copolyesters for highly efficient targeted anticancer drug delivery

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

Authors: Su, Meifei; Xie, Jianhua; Zeng, Qiang; Shu, Man; Liu, Jie; Jiang, Zhaozhong

Abstract

PEGylated lactide-diester-diol copolymers were successfully synthesized via lipase-catalyzed copolymerization, the resultant amphiphilic PEG-poly(L-lactate-co-hexamethylene-co-adipate) (PEG-PLLHA) and PEG-poly(D,L-lactate-co-hexamethylene-co-adipate) (PEG-PDLLHA) block copolymers readily undergo self-assembly processes to form nanosized micelles in aqueous medium, which are stable under physiological conditions in the presence of serum proteins. By conjugating folic acid (FA) to enzymatic synthesized poly(hexamethylene adipate-co-hexamethylene 2,3-epoxy succinate), we could formulate FA-bearing PEG-polyester micelles for docetaxel (DTX) targeting delivery. FA-PEG-PLLHA and FA-PEG-PDLLHA micelles possess efficient cell-targeting capability toward FA receptor-positive cancer cells (e.g., CT-26), which significantly enhances their cellular uptake rates and efficacy of drug-loaded formulations toward such cells. During in vivo anticancer treatments, the FA-bearing micelles are highly capable of targeting and accumulating preferentially in tumor tissues by both active cell-targeting mechanism and passive targeting via the EPR effect. All these desirable properties enable the FA-bearing micelles to deliver DTX with 97% tumor-inhibiting efficiency through systemic delivery, which is favorable in comparison to the values of various DTX nanoparticle formulations reported in literature. Importantly, biosafety assays reveal that all DTX-loaded micelles are biocompatible and safe for in vivo antitumor treatment applications. Thus, FA-PEG-PLLHA and FA-PEG-PDLLHA micelles represent new types of promising anticancer drug nanocarriers for targeted chemotherapy.

Visible/Near-Infrared Emitting, Garnet-Based Paramagnetic-Persistent Luminescent Nanocrystals for Two-Photon Bioimaging

CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN

Authors: Sengar, Prakhar; Flores, Dora-Luz; Chauhan, Kanchan; Can-Uc, Bonifacio; Juarez-Moreno, Karla; Contreras, Oscar E.; Digman, Michelle A.; Hirata, Gustavo A.

Abstract

Multimode bioimaging using a combination of two or more imaging techniques is beneficial for taking advantage of each modality by overcoming the individual limitations. It allows visualization of diseased tissue with high specificity making it a powerful strategy for improved disease prognosis. Herein, we report a multimodality probe, Gd2.99Ce0.01Al1.995Cr0.005Ga3O12 (GAGG:Ce,Cr), combining magnetic, persistent luminescence, and nearinfrared (NIR) to NIR two-photon excited bioimaging properties. The hydrothermally synthesized GAGG:Ce,Cr with an average size of similar to 100 nm exhibited persistent luminescence emission in both visible and NIR regions upon blue light excitation. Besides, the nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrated paramagnetic properties with a magnetic susceptibility of 4.6 x 10(-5) emu/gOe. Folic acid functionalized NPs (GAGG:CeCr-FA) showed retained characteristic visible emission of Ce3+ similar to 550 nm and NIR emission of Cr3+ similar to 720 nm upon excitation with two photons (800 nm). In vitro toxicity analysis of nanoparticles in different cell lines revealed the biocompatible nature before and after surface modification. GAGG:CeCr-FA NPs were efficiently internalized in HeLa cells and presented multiphotonic emission in the visible and NIR regions after two-photon NIR (800 nm) excitation. This study suggests that NIR -> NIR two-photon excited magneto-persistent GAGG:CeCr is a potential multifunctional nanoprobe for deep penetration and high contrast bioimaging.