Anti-Papain (full length) polyclonal antibody [HRP]

A novel porous chitosan macroparticle (CSPM-AG) was prepared through the escape of ammonia produced by the reaction between ammonium acetate (gas porogen) and sodium hydroxide during the solidification process of macroparticles, which was inspired by the formation of volcanic rock. The obtained several novel porous chitosan macroparticles (CSPM-AGs) were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. The porosity and thermal stability of CSPM-AGs were gradually increased with the addition of gas porogen. The immobilization kinetic analysis indicated that the immobilization process belonged to the pseudo-second-order model. Also, the enzymatic characterizations of free and immobilized enzymes were investigated. The activity recovery of immobilized papain in CSPM-AGs tested by casein was significantly higher than that of the macroparticle without gas porogen (CSPM). Therefore, the novel porous macroparticles prepared via gas escape provided enough space for macromolecular substrate diffusion and a biocompatible carrier for covalent enzyme immobilization.

Several months ago, an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology was detected in Wuhan City (China) and the aetiological agent of the atypical pneumonia was isolated by the Chinese authorities as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2). The WHO announced this new disease was to be known as "COVID-19." When looking for new antiviral compounds, knowledge of the main viral proteins is fundamental. The major druggable targets of SARS-CoV-2 include 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and spike (S) protein. Quercetin inhibits 3CLpro and PLpro with a docking binding energy corresponding to -6.25 and -4.62 kcal/mol, respectively. Quercetin has a theoretical, but significant, capability to interfere with SARS-CoV-2 replication, with the results showing this to be the fifth best compound out of 18 candidates. On the basis of the clinical COVID-19 manifestations, the multifaceted aspect of quercetin as both antiinflammatory and thrombin-inhibitory actions, should be taken into consideration.